Art Paper for Large Wood Relief Block Printing – A Paper Development Study

Wood relief block printing was developed in China in the seventh century and is used today for many art printing applications. The presented research project describes the development of an art paper product applicable for large wood relief block printing from laboratory scale to large semi commercial production of art paper for printing image sizes of up to 44-inch (1118 mm) by 96-inch (2400 mm) at outdoor steam roller printing events or smaller indoor printing press applications. The improvement of the paper properties from laboratory development, small laboratory paper machine and semi commercial paper machine run for the production of the final art paper showed an improvement throughout the process development for the optical and mechanical paper properties and exceeded the set values set by the artist using the art paper. The produced art paper with a basis weight of 260 g/m² and a thickness of 171 µm is produced from a mixture of 70% northern bleached hardwood Kraft pulp and 30% northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp. The ISO brightness of the art paper off-white (egg-shell) colour was at 63.2% and the ISO color value for L, a, b. at 90.8, 1.1, and 12.6 respectively. The art papers surface roughness and porosity as a parameter for ink attachment and penetration is for the top side 2179 ml/min and for the bottom side (wire side) 2326 ml/min, whereas porosity was measured at 1668 ml/min. Bending stiffness in machine direction and cross machine direction was measured at 157mN and 70 mN respectively. Burst strength was measured at 2.24 kPA·m²/g.

Valorization of Urban Street Tree Pruning Residues in Biorefineries by Steam Refining: Conversion Into Fibers, Emulsifiers, and Biogas

Street tree pruning residues are a widely available and currently undervalorized bioresource. Their utilization could help alleviate an increasing biomass shortage and offset costs of the pruning process for the municipalities. In this work, a holistic valorization pathway of pruning residues leading to fibers, oligosaccharides, biogas, and compost is presented. For this, representative mixtures of tree pruning materials from the most prevalent street tree genera (oak, linden, maple) found in Hamburg (Germany) were prepared by shredding and cleaning procedures. Collection of sample material was performed in summer and winter to account for seasonality. A steam-based fractionation was conducted using treatment severities ranging from log R0 = 2.5 to 4.0. At the highest severity, a fiber yield of around 66%, and liquor yield of 26–30% was determined. The fibers were evaluated with respect to their properties for paper product applications, with higher treatment severities leading to higher paper strengths. From the oligosaccharide-rich liquor, emulsions were created, which showed promising stability properties over 8 weeks of storage. The liquors and the rejects from the material preparation also displayed good potential for biomethane production. Overall, the differences between material collected in summer and winter were found to be small, indicating the possibility for a year-round utilization of pruning residues. For the presented utilization pathway, high severity treatments were the most promising, featuring a high liquor yield, good biomethane potential, and the highest paper strengths.

Effect of pulp consistency during refining on physical and mechanical characteristics of handsheets

At the moment, the pulp and paper industry produces a wide variety of types of paper and board, which can serve as an alternative to plastic packaging products. The main requirement for paper packaging is high strength properties, which include: breaking length, resistance to breaking, bursting and tearing. The required strength properties can be ensured at the stage of refining the semi-finished product from which the paper product will be made by changing the consistency of the pulp. Since the influence of the consistency of the pulp during refining on the strength characteristics of the finished product has not been fully studied, it was of interest to find out how the strength properties of castings change when refining the pulp with a change in concentration.

A Novel Integrated Network with LightGBM for Click-Through Rate Prediction

Click-through Rate (CTR) prediction has become one of the core tasks of the recommendation system and its online advertising with the development of e-commerce. In the CTR prediction field, different features extraction schemes are used to mine the user click behavior to achieve the maximum CTR, which helps the advertisers maximize their profits. At present, achievements have been made in CTR prediction based on Deep Neural Network (DNN), but insufficiently, DNN can only learn high-order features combination. In this paper, Product & Cross supported Stacking Network with LightGBM (PCSNL) is proposed for CTR prediction to solve such problems. Firstly, the L 1 and L 2 regularizations are imposed on Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) to prevent overfitting. Secondly, the method of vector-wise feature interactions is added to product layer in product network to learn second-order feature combinations. Lastly, feature information is fully learned through the cross network, product network and stacking network in PCSNL. The online ads CTR prediction datasets released by Huawei and Avazu on the Kaggle platform are involved for experiments. It is shown that the PCSN model and PCSNL have better performance than the traditional CTR prediction models and deep learning models.

ANALISIS DAMPAK IC-CEPA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA

Abstrak Perkembangan perdagangan Indonesia akan semakin bervariasi hal ini dapat dilihat dari kebijakan kementerian perdagangan yang memfokuskan untuk menjalin kerja sama perdagangan internasional dengan beberapa negara diluar negara maju. Salah satunya perdagangan bilateral Indonesia Chile dalam kerangka IC-CEPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis Model CGE Multiregional. Model yang digunakan sudah tersusun dalam Aplikasi GTAP versi 9 Lisensi Kementerian Perdagangan yang difokuskan pada sektoral dan makro ekonomi Indonesia. Hasil olah data GTAP menunjukkan bahwa sektor yang berorientasi ekspor di Indonesia seperti textile, oil seeds, paper product and publishing, motor vehicle and parts, machinery and equipments dan electronic equipment menunjukkan hasil yang positif setelah dilakukan simulasi (shock) penurunan tarif sebesar 80 - 40 dan 0% (full liberalization). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sektor yang berorientasi pada ekspor mengalami peningkatan. Pada kondisi makroekonomi kesepakataan liberalisasi pada IC-CEPA mampu mempengaruhi kesejahteraan yang terus meningkat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya integrasi yang solid antara pemerintah dan para pelaku usaha yang bergerak di bidang sektor ekspor Indonesia dengan memberikan kebijakan yang mampu mengoptimalkan kuantitas dan menjaga kualitas sektor tersebut dalam bersaing di pasar Chile. Kata kunci: IC-CEPA, GTAP, Sektoral, Makroekonomi Abstract The Indonesia's trade development is increasingly varied, shown by the ministry of trade’s policy which focuses more on establishing international trade cooperation with countries outside developed countries. One of them is bilateral trade between Indonesia and Chile in the framework of IC-CEPA. The research uses analysis method of the Multiregional CGE Model. The model used has been arranged in the GTAP Application version 9 of the Ministry of Trade License which focused on the sectoral and macroeconomics of Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that Indonesia’s export-oriented sectors such as textiles, oil seeds, paper products and publishing, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and equipment and electronic equipment positively impacted by tariff reduction of 80 - 40 and 0 percent (full liberalization). The analysis shows that the export-oriented sector increased. The agreement on liberalization of IC-CEPA is able to influence welfare increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid integration between the government and business players engaged in Indonesian export commodities by providing policies that are able to optimize the quantity and maintain the quality of the sector in competing in the Chilean market. Keywords: IC-CEPA, GTAP, Sectoral, Macroeconomics JEL Classifications: F13, F18, F62

Quality Improvement of Recycled Paper with Extracted Xylan from Corncobs

Several Indonesian paper mills utilize used paper as feedstock as the price is much cheaper and abundant availability, but the strength of the paper product tends to decrease. Xylan which is extracted from corncobs is a potential additive for upgrading the quality by modifying the fibre surface. This research studies the effect of sodium hydroxide concentration for extraction to produce an acceptable strength of paper product. The extraction process is at temperature of 90°C for 2 hours in a stirred tank reactor and the xylan product is deposited with 10 N acetic acid at pH of 4.5 - 5.0. Using 16% of NaOH concentration, the extraction produces 21.82% yield of xylan. With addition of this xylan product at mass ratio between xylan and corncobs of 5% increases 30.1% of the tensile strength and 31.83% of the tire strength. The optimum concentration of the use of NaOH in xylan extraction was at 16% NaOH with the largest xylan yield obtained at 21.82%.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PAPER RECYCLING UNIT

In any big institution, especially educational institutions like schools or colleges, generation of large quantity of waste papers is quite apparent. And effective use of recycled paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of disposing off the waste papers into trash, recycling them makes sense. This not only helps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the protection of the environment. Designing manually operated small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and non-complex method of production of paper product is guaranteed. Accordingly design of the machine unit has been prepared with all necessary component specifications.

Using micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose as a means to reduce weight of paper products: A review

Based on publications related to the use of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) in papermaking applications, three sets of parameters (intrinsic and extrinsic variables, furnish composition, and degree of dispersion) were proposed. This holistic approach intends to facilitate understanding and manipulation of the main factors describing the colloidal behavior in systems comprising of MNFC, pulp fibers, and additives, which directly impact paper product performance. A preliminary techno-economic assessment showed that cost reductions driven by the addition of MNFC in paper furnishes could be as high as USD 149 per ton of fiber (up to 20% fiber reduction without adverse effects on paper’s strength) depending on the cost of papermaking fibers. It was also determined that better performance in terms of strength development associated with a higher degree of MNFC fibrillation offset its high manufacturing cost. However, there is a limit from which additional fibrillation does not seem to contribute to further strength gains that can justify the increasing production cost. Further research is needed regarding raw materials, degree of fibrillation, and combination with polyelectrolytes to further explore the potential of MNFC for the reduction of weight of paper products.