Comparative characteristics of fires and their consequences in rural and urban areas in 2019-2020 taking into account the general information on them.

The information on the comparative characteristics of fires and their consequences in rural and urban areas for 2019-2020 is provided. Based on the analysis of the situation and the results of the research, the authors offer a concept of preventive prevention (instead of a compensatory model), based on innovative methodological solutions and methods and means of their implementation. The article presents data on effective financing of fire-fighting measures that, if implemented in the next 5-7 years, can provide the possibility of reducing the number of fires by 38-45 %.

Distal and proximal motivational processes related to flow experience: Investigating the role of implicit motives, affective and cognitive preferences, and perceived abilities

One of the prominent questions in flow research is the investigation of conditions that need to be met so that people will get involved in an activity for the sheer sake of doing it. The present study examined the relationship between distal (i.e., implicit motives) and proximal (i.e., affective preferences, cognitive preferences, perceived abilities) motivational processes and flow experience based on assumptions of the compensatory model of motivation and volition. In order to arouse the implicit agentic motive, 63 participants worked on an online platform in an open innovation environment. Results showed that affective preferences mediated the effect of the implicit agentic motive on flow experience. Moreover, a hierarchical regression analysis with simple slope tests yielded that, at the proximal level, the congruence of affective preferences, cognitive preferences, and perceived abilities was associated with flow experience. The present research adds some new and essential ingredients to Csikszentmihalyis’ traditional conception of flow.

The Development of Integrated Thematic Learning Devices Based on Interactive Compensatory Model to Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension in Islamic Elementary School

This study aims to examine the effect of using interactive compensatory model (ICM)-based integrated thematic learning tools to improve students’ reading comprehension of information text comprehension for fifth grade elementary school. This research was conducted in three stages. The first phase of the preliminary study included a literature study, field surveys and expert-validated initial product preparation. The second stage of development included limited trials and extensive trials through experimental methods. The third stage was product testing and socialization of the results to try out its efficacy. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, questionnaires and test (pre-test and post-test). This study used a sample of 504 grade fifth students in 12 elementary schools in Bandung Regency. The results of this study indicate that the use of ICM-based integrated thematic learning tools has a significant effect on students’ improvement for reading comprehension on information text for fifth grade elementary school. This is evidenced by the difference in students’ reading comprehension ability before and after learning using ICM-based integrated thematic learning tools. This research has implications for the ease with which teachers can achieve learning objectives with the support of teaching materials, media, worksheets and interesting and practical activities that can stimulate students to improve their reading comprehension skills.

Compensatory model predictive control for post-impact trajectory tracking via active front steering and differential torque vectoring

This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control of independently actuated autonomous vehicles after the first impact, aiming to mitigate the secondary collision probability. An integrated predictive control strategy is proposed to mitigate the deteriorated state propagation and facilitate safety objective achievement in critical conditions after a collision. Three highlights can be concluded in this work: (1) A compensatory model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed to incorporate a feedforward-feedback compensation control (FCC) method. Based on the definite physical analysis, it is verified that adequate reverse steering and differential torque vectoring render more potentials and flexibility for vehicle post-impact control; (2) With compensatory portions, the deteriorated states after a collision are far beyond the traditional stability envelope. Hence it can be further manipulated in MPC by constraint transformation, rather than introducing soft constraints and decreasing the control efforts on tracking error; (3) Considering time-varying saturation on input, input rate, and slip ratio, the proposed FCC-MPC controller is developed to improve faster deviation attenuation both in lateral and yaw motions. Finally two high-fidelity simulation cases implemented on CarSim-Simulink conjoint platform have demonstrated that the proposed controller has the advanced capabilities of vehicle safety improvement and better control performance achievement after severe impacts.

What Makes a ‘Successful’ Psychopath? Longitudinal Trajectories of Offenders’ Antisocial Behavior and Impulse Control as a Function of Psychopathy

Psychopathy is a considerable risk factor for violent behavior. However, many psychopathic individuals refrain from antisocial and criminal acts. The mechanisms underlying the formation of this ‘successful’ phenotype are uncertain. We tested a compensatory model of ‘successful’ psychopathy, which posits that relatively ‘successful’ psychopathic individuals develop greater conscientious traits that serve to inhibit their heightened antisocial impulses. To test this model, we examined the seven-year longitudinal Research on Pathways to Desistance study of 1,354 adjudicated adolescents. Higher initial psychopathy was associated with steeper increases in general inhibitory control and the inhibition of aggression over time. This effect was magnified among ‘successful’ offenders (i.e., those who reoffended less). These findings support our compensatory model, suggesting that psychopathic individuals who develop greater self-regulatory control over their antisocial impulses become relatively more ‘successful’ than their less regulated counterparts. Moreover, our results speak to the importance of the Five-Factor Model for understanding psychopathy and the crucial role of conscientiousness in the form that psychopathic individuals take.

The Utility of Personnel Selection Decisions

Compensatory selection is generally more reliable than multiple-hurdle selection. Yet, practitioners may lean toward multiple-hurdle models, because administering an entire predictor battery to every applicant can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we considered some specific cases to illustrate, in terms of selection utility and the cost-reliability tradeoff between compensatory and multiple-hurdle selection models. Results showed that compensatory model selection produced a higher level of expected criterion performance in the selected applicant subgroup, and a higher overall selection utility in most conditions. The simulation provides researchers and practitioners with a practical illustration of the tradeoff between reliable (compensatory) versus cost-efficient (multiple-hurdle) selection models – one that can inspire the exploration of other scenarios and tradeoffs.