NLM’s library network: A force for outreach

This chapter considers the transformation of U.S. National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) national network of libraries into an effective force for spreading awareness of NLM’s resources, services, and tools and increasing their use. Several examples of network programs and projects are recounted to illustrate the influence of NLM’s longest serving Director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. on the development and evolution of NLM’s library network.

Generating stochastic trajectories with global dynamical constraints

We propose a method to exactly generate Brownian paths x c (t) that are constrained to return to the origin at some future time t f , with a given fixed area A f = ∫ 0 t f d t x c ( t ) under their trajectory. We derive an exact effective Langevin equation with an effective force that accounts for the constraint. In addition, we develop the corresponding approach for discrete-time random walks, with arbitrary jump distributions including Lévy flights, for which we obtain an effective jump distribution that encodes the constraint. Finally, we generalise our method to other types of dynamical constraints such as a fixed occupation time on the positive axis T f = ∫ 0 t f d t Θ x c ( t ) or a fixed generalised quadratic area A f = ∫ 0 t f d t x c 2 ( t ) .

The Decay of the Heroic State. The Conflict in Giambattista Vico’s New Science

The aim of this essay is to analyze the figure of conflict in Giambattista Vico’s Scienza Nuova, highlighting its epistemological function and its historical-political cogency. This conflict presents itself both as an epistemological means through which reason understands the process of community establishment, and as the effective force for the development of nations. In fact, the changing of times outlined by Vico takes the form of an asymmetrical conflict which proves to be socially significant to the extent that it allows the recomposition of the social body within an order marked by the recognition, albeit precarious, of equality.

In Shortly about Energy and Energy Sources

Energy is an effective force, a life activity, a determination. Energy in physics is the ability of a body or system to do some work; a quantity that characterizes the motion, rest, or position of a body, liquid, particle, or system of particles, and a quantity to describe field particles transmitted by natural forces and particle interactions. Energy appears in nature, technology and industry in various forms that are transformed into each other according to the principle of energy conservation: it cannot be spend or created, but only change its form. An energy source is any substance which serves as a raw material in the process of obtaining energy.

Is there enough evidence to support hip capsular reconstruction? A systematic review of biomechanical studies

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to review and summarize the available biomechanical data on hip capsular reconstruction to guide clinical decision-making. A literature search was completed in December 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify biomechanical cadaver studies on hip capsular reconstruction, hip capsulectomy or hip capsular defect. The investigated parameters included maximum distraction force, capsular state affecting range of motion (ROM), rotation and translation. Four studies met al. the inclusion–exclusion criteria. The median effective force for resisting maximum distraction for the reconstruction state, capsular defect state and the intact state was 171, 111 and 206 N, respectively. The defect capsule force was significantly lower (P = 0.00438) than the intact capsule force. The reconstruction state had a higher distraction force than that of the capsular defect, but due to heterogeneity, the overall effect size was not statistically significant. The capsular reconstruction state reduced excess motion and the degree of instability compared to the capsular defect state but restored the hip close to its native capsular state in the cadaveric model. When compared to capsulectomy/defect state, hip capsular reconstruction significantly improved the rotational stability and effective force at maximum distraction and minimized translation. However, no conclusions can be made regarding the most effective protocol due to the high heterogeneity between the four studies. Further biomechanical studies are needed to test various types of grafts under the same protocol.

NEW CHALLENGES REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONFIGURATION OF THE ARMORED CAPABILITIES

A new international security paradigm in the evolution of the international environment and modern battlefield requirements implies the reconsideration of the combat large-scale operations concept. Consequently, the need to reconsider this concept generates a number of imperatives in configuring and developing tactical force structures and formations. Flexibility, versatility, operational mobility, as well as the ability to survive in the tactical field are general but mandatory requirements for those forces. Armored forces, the main striking force of the tactical units must be versatile and adaptive in order to create the premises for gaining and maintaining initiative and ultimately generate the conditions to prevail on the battlefield. New technologies, peer enemy capabilities development, but also the need to create a responsive, credible and effective force represent the references that shapes today future armored capabilities.

A Simplified Spring winder For Clinical Application

Introduction: The fabrication of coils using heavy gauge stainless steel wire for use in appliances such as the Churro Jumper can be a tedious task and can often result in spaced coils that lead to more flexibility than can be desired, leading to a decreased force application and hence overall lengthened treatment time. Using well placed, tightly adherent coils the force of which can be controlled by placement of the desired number of coils can help to mitigate this shortcoming. Technique: The spring winder described here is easy to fabricate using easily available stationary articles which can be repurposed to form an efficient winder that can coil springs with reduced effort as compared to that would have been required when using orthodontic pliers only. The stationary repurposed for this winder is the electric etching pen which provides a good framework for fabricating the winder. In addition, clear acrylic is used along with a syringe body to hold the winding components. The syringe is filled up with clear acrylic and winding rods are laid down within the acrylic which holds it firmly in place. In addition, the syringe body is embedded into the electric pen handle which allows for easy turning the winder so as to exert effective force while reducing operator effort and fatigue. This also allows for winding of heavy gauge orthodontic wire with little effort. Conclusion: A simplified spring winder can be best indicated for the fabrication of coils for fixed functional appliances like Churro Jumper.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Pressure-Regulating and Pressure-Limiting Combined Relief Valve

Aiming at the problem of the lack of a cooperation mechanism of combined relief valves, this paper proposes a new pressure-regulating and pressure-limiting combined relief valve. Combined with the ordinary relief valve dynamic characteristic analysis method, the dynamic model of the combined relief valve under normal working conditions was established, and its dynamic characteristics were simulated using Simulink. The results showed that the multi-pressure stabilization design of the combined relief valve improves its usability and stability. Under the same structural parameters, the overshoot of the combined relief valve was 5.7%, and the response time was 12 ms, which is better than the ordinary relief valve. Besides, it effectively improves the instability problems, such as the vibration and the large pressure fluctuation of the ordinary relief valve under high pressure and large flow conditions. When the sum of the effective force area on the upper side of the flange of the pressure-regulating valve core and the area of the tail vertebra is equal to the effective force area of the lower side of the flange of the pressure-regulating valve core, the dynamic performance of the relief valve is optimal. For example, if the effective force area under the flange is 1.8 cm2, then the inlet pressure overshoot is 2.8%, and the response time is 10 ms. An appropriate volume of the sensitive cavity, the quality of the valve core, and the fluid resistance of the pressure relief valve are factors that can effectively improve the dynamic performance of the pressure-regulating and pressure-limiting combined relief valve.

Black hole interactions at large D: brane blobology

In the large dimension (D) limit, Einstein’s equation reduces to an effective theory on the horizon surface, drastically simplifying the black hole analysis. Especially, the effective theory on the black brane has been successful in describing the non-linear dynamics not only of black branes, but also of compact black objects which are encoded as solitary Gaussian-shaped lumps, blobs. For a rigidly rotating ansatz, in addition to axisymmetric deformed branches, various non-axisymmetric solutions have been found, such as black bars, which only stay stationary in the large D limit.In this article, we demonstrate the blob approximation has a wider range of applicability by formulating the interaction between blobs and subsequent dynamics. We identify that this interaction occurs via thin necks connecting blobs. Especially, black strings are well captured in this approximation sufficiently away from the perturbative regime. Highly deformed black dumbbells and ripples are also found to be tractable in the approximation. By defining the local quantities, the effective force acting on distant blobs are evaluated as well. These results reveal that the large D effective theory is capable of describing not only individual black holes but also the gravitational interactions between them, as a full dynamical theory of interactive blobs, which we call brane blobology.

Macro and micro analysis on deformation characteristics of fine sand under different groundwater table change

By using the samples of fine sand in Shanghai’s seventh layer, creep tests were performed to investigate the deformation characteristics of fine sand under different groundwater table change. It was revealed that the creep of fine sand is closely related to groundwater table change: when the effective force caused by groundwater table change is smaller than pre-consolidation force, the deformation is mainly elastic. When effective force caused by groundwater table change is bigger than pre-consolidation force, the compression deformation is large and the rebound is small; and the deformation is mainly viscoelastic plastic when equal to pre-consolidation stress. Through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis it was found that creep of fine sand is dominated by the slip of particles, not by the breaking of particles. And the fine sand particles are squeezed under the load induced by the groundwater table change, and the particles slide along the indirect contact surface of the particles, resulting in the continuous adjustment of position and relative displacement. Mercury injection test shows that the pore size distribution of fine sand has little change before and after the test.