The Use Of Songs And Music As A Motivational Tool In ELT

The practical use of songs in ELT is not a new technique, however music, songs are considered as a powerful tool in teaching a foreign language. It is known that the more sense organs are involved in the educational process, the more effective music in the lesson inspires, relaxes, captivates, and adjusts to a subtle but strong wave of perception. In addition, music develops memory and thinking as well. In this article, we will discuss the mechanisms of the influence of music, songs on the motivation of students, improving the quality of mastering new educational material, developing speech skills, creative and cognitive abilities, as well as reducing emotional tension in the process of teaching a foreign language.

Controllable synthesis of multi-shelled SiO2@C@NiCo2O4 yolk-shell composites for enhancing microwave absorbing properties

With the increasingly serious pollution of electromagnetic radiation, the task of developing light and strong wave-absorbing materials is becoming more and more urgent. In this study, a novel SiO2@ C@...

The Islamic Injunction on Hijab: The Practice and The Dynamics of The Agitation for The Adoption of The Use of Hijab in The State

Ekiti State is one of the States in the South Western part of Nigeria. The dominant religions in the State are Christianity and Islam. Like other parts of the world, there is a strong wave of Islamic revivalism by the Muslims while the Christians are not relenting in their evangelism to draw more people to their fold. One of the expressions of the revivalism by the Muslims is the voluntary adoption of the hijāb by many female Muslims. Consequently, the average female Muslim is a Mājubah of one sort or the other. The state is now faced with teeming number of women who wants to use the hijāb in the Western based schools and the government official work places. Many of them are now faced with either to remove the hijāb because of education or to look for a white collar job in the State while others who want to strictly hold to their faith were making agitations for the use of the hijāb. The paper looks at the concept of hijāb in Islam, the mode of dressing in Ekiti State, its compatibility and the differences with the traditional dressing in the State and the dynamics of the agitation for the adoption of the use of hijāb. The work made use of both primary and secondary sources. Islamic literature, archival materials and pamphlets were consulted while interviews were made with relevant personalities in the state. The result revealed a good approach adopted by the government of Ekiti State in taking care of the agitations of the Muslims on the use of hijab in government official places of work and students in formal public schools. The Ekiti model is therefore suggested to be adapted and adopted by other states in Nigeria where the problem of hijab have snowballed into crises

Suppression of Wind Ripples and Microwave Backscattering Due to Turbulence Generated by Breaking Surface Waves

The role of wave breaking in microwave backscattering from the sea surface is a problem of great importance for the development of theories and methods on ocean remote sensing, in particular for oil spill remote sensing. Recently it has been shown that microwave radar return is determined by both Bragg and non-Bragg (non-polarized) scattering mechanisms and some evidence has been given that the latter is associated with wave breaking, in particular, with strong breaking such as spilling or plunging. However, our understanding of mechanisms of the action of strong wave breaking on small-scale wind waves (ripples) and thus on the radar return is still insufficient. In this paper an effect of suppression of radar backscattering after strong wave breaking has been revealed experimentally and has been attributed to the wind ripple suppression due to turbulence generated by strong wave breaking. The experiments were carried out in a wind wave tank where a frequency modulated wave train of intense meter-decimeter-scale surface waves was generated by a mechanical wave maker. The wave train was compressed according to the gravity wave dispersion relation (“dispersive focusing”) into a short-wave packet at a given distance from the wave maker. Strong wave breaking with wave crest overturning (spilling) occurred for one or two highest waves in the packet. Short decimeter-centimeter-scale wind waves were generated at gentle winds, simultaneously with the long breaking waves. A Ka-band scatterometer was used to study microwave backscattering from the surface waves in the tank. The scatterometer looking at the area of wave breaking was mounted over the tank at a height of about 1 m above the mean water level, the incidence angle of the microwave radiation was about 50 degrees. It has been obtained that the radar return in the presence of short wind waves is characterized by the radar Doppler spectrum with a peak roughly centered in the vicinity of Bragg wave frequencies. The radar return was strongly enhanced in a wide frequency range of the radar Doppler spectrum when a packet of long breaking waves arrived at the area irradiated by the radar. After the passage of breaking waves, the radar return strongly dropped and then slowly recovered to the initial level. Measurements of velocities in the upper water layer have confirmed that the attenuation of radar backscattering after wave breaking is due to suppression of short wind waves by turbulence generated in the breaking zone. A physical analysis of the effect has been presented.

Interaction of the electromagnetic precursor from a relativistic shock with the upstream flow – II. Induced scattering of strong electromagnetic waves

ABSTRACT This is the second in the series of papers aiming to study interaction of the electromagnetic precursor waves from relativistic shocks with the upstream flow. Here, I consider the induced scattering of strong waves. In such a wave, the electrons oscillate with relativistic velocities therefore, the scattering generally occurs in harmonics of the incident wave. I show that the induced scattering occurs predominantly in the first harmonics. I also show that even though in the weak case regime, the induced scattering rate is proportional to the intensity of the incident wave, in the strong wave case, the rate decreases as the wave amplitude grows.

Abrasi dan Sedimentasi Pantai di Kawasan Pesisir Kota Bengkulu

<strong>Coastal Abrasion and Sedimentation Kota Bengkulu Coast Area.</strong> Coastal environment of Kota Bengkulu is typified by strong wave energy, which caused coastal abrasion and sedimentation. This paper intends to discuss the abrasion and sedimentation processes in the coastal area of Kota Bengkulu. Bathymetry survey has been employed to measured the depth of ocean floor, together with turbidity of water, and tide and wave currents. The erosion in the coastal Kota Bengkulu occurred as a result of the strong waves which hit coastal cliffs intensively and high rainfall conditions that weaken the bond-forming material at the foot of the cliff coast. On the other hand, sedimentation occured due to the supply of sediment from the collapsed material of the coastal cliffs that are transported by the current in the Coastal Waters of Kota Bengkulu together with Jenggalu River and Air Bengkulu River.

Strong wave–mean-flow coupling in baroclinic acoustic streaming

The interaction of an acoustic wave with a stratified fluid can drive strong streaming flows owing to the baroclinic production of fluctuating vorticity, as recently demonstrated by Chini et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 744, 2014, pp. 329–351). In the present investigation, a set of wave/mean-flow interaction equations is derived that governs the coupled dynamics of a standing acoustic-wave mode of characteristic (small) amplitude $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ and the streaming flow it drives in a thin channel with walls maintained at differing temperatures. Unlike classical Rayleigh streaming, the resulting mean flow arises at $O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$ rather than at $O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{2})$. Consequently, fully two-way coupling between the waves and the mean flow is possible: the streaming is sufficiently strong to induce $O(1)$ rearrangements of the imposed background temperature and density fields, which modifies the spatial structure and frequency of the acoustic mode on the streaming time scale. A novel Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys analysis is developed to average over the fast wave dynamics, enabling the coupled system to be integrated strictly on the slow time scale of the streaming flow. Analytical solutions of the reduced system are derived for weak wave forcing and are shown to reproduce results from prior direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the compressible Navier–Stokes and heat equations with remarkable accuracy. Moreover, numerical simulations of the reduced system are performed in the regime of strong wave/mean-flow coupling for a fraction of the computational cost of the corresponding DNS. These simulations shed light on the potential for baroclinic acoustic streaming to be used as an effective means to enhance heat transfer.

Effects of Wave–Current Interactions on Suspended-Sediment Dynamics during Strong Wave Events in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China

Wave–current interactions are crucial to suspended-sediment dynamics, but the roles of the associated physical mechanisms, the depth-dependent wave radiation stress, Stokes drift velocity, vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure transfer to the mean momentum equation (form drag), wave dissipation as a source term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation, and mean current advection and refraction of wave energy, have not yet been fully understood. Therefore, in this study, a computationally fast wave model developed by Mellor et al., a Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) hydrodynamics model, and the sediment model developed by the University of New South Wales are two-way coupled to study the effect of each wave–current interaction mechanism on suspended-sediment dynamics near shore during strong wave events in a tidally dominated and semiclosed bay, Jiaozhou Bay, as a case study. Comparison of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager data and model results demonstrates that the inclusion of just the combined wave–current bottom stress in the model, as done in most previous studies, is clearly far from adequate to model accurately the suspended-sediment dynamics. The effect of each mechanism in the wave–current coupled processes is also investigated separately through numerical simulations. It is found that, even though the combined wave–current bottom stress has the largest effect, the combined effect of the other wave–current interactions, mean current advection and refraction of wave energy, wave radiation stress, and form drag (from largest to smallest effect), are comparable. These mechanisms can cause significant variation in the current velocities, vertical mixing, and even the bottom stress, and should obviously be paid more attention when modeling suspended-sediment dynamics during strong wave events.