Proposal of Rural Housing and Habitat Improvement of the Town El Encanto, in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico

In the state of Chiapas, Mexico, there are numerous rural communities located in isolated territories and away from important population centers. Families, in essence, have indigenous roots and low economic incomes and, because of this condition, their homes are precarious, unsafe and unhealthy, with many limitations to access basic water and sanitation services, as well as basic health services, recreation, education, communication, etc. This study analyzed the housing and habitat problem of the El Encanto community, located on the coast of Tapachula, Chiapas. As a result, structurally safe, economical and healthy housing proposals were developed, with water and sanitation services, functional spaces with sociocultural characteristics, typology and appropriate to environmental conditions, with the use of ecotechnologies and building materials of the place for the conservation of the environment and biodiversity, in addition, proposals for community equipment for habitat improvement were developed.

Healthy housing, sustainable city and interlocution between science and society

COVID-19 provided important reflections about the organization of cities and housing, its influence on health and the need for us to act towards the construction of a more sustainable world with fewer inequalities. This paper aimed at analyzing the relationship between health, housing and sustainability, and how these themes are interconnected and related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set forth in the 2030 Agenda. This is a study of a theoretical and conceptual nature with a qualitative approach, conducted by means of a bibliographic review. The analysis of 15 articles selected enabled the elaboration of three categories: the first addresses the housing-health connection; the second, in a more macro scale, analyzes the relationship between city, health and sustainability; and the third highlights the relevance of participative processes to strengthen public policies. The relevance of analyzing the ‘health of housing and cities’ in an interdisciplinary and intersectoral way was evidenced, considering the various environmental, social, cultural, economic and political determinants, among others, and their connections towards sustainability, and health as cross-sectional to all SDGs, which requires strengthening of healthy public policies. It is ethically imperative to create and expand spaces for dialog to qualify public policies in the interface of the health, environment and urban planning areas, as well as to face situations of socio-environmental vulnerability and health inequalities. The current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforces this evidence and requires greater approximation between science, politics and society.

Transit for a better and more equitable urbanity

Nordic welfare states once sought to provide their citizens with affordable and healthy housing conditions by planning compact residential areas. For a variety of reasons, this model is now in a major rupture. Strong domestic and international migration to 4-6 urban regions transforms Finland’s spatial setup. The entire process entails major challenges for urban design. Expanding urban structures constitute a massive source of greenhouse gases and are often deemed dysfunctional for reaching goals such as social sustainability, better public health or even individually perceived quality of life. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is one of the attempts to tackle these challenges. It holds a major promise for better and more equitable urbanity, but this assumes that the entire dynamics of urban development and how transit and better accessibility are related to it will be re-thought. This paper is based on case-study data from Tampere city region and its on-going light rail transit (LRT) construction process as an example of the current TOD thinking. It also makes references to comparable or otherwise interesting international LRT processes as discussed in planning journals or based on the authors’ own observations and fieldwork.

Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in the Work Area Community Health Center Sabang, Dampelas District, Donggala Regency

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) globally is still very high, TB is an infectious disease that causes many deaths in Indonesia, in 2016 there were 274 cases of death per day in Indonesia and reached 1,020,000 people. The proportion of TB in Puskesmas Sabang in 2014 there were 13 cases, 29 cases in 2015, 23 cases in 2016, 27 cases in 2017, and in 2018 as many as 30 cases, TB was caused by several risk factors such as smoking, Housing conditions, and education. AIM: Research aims to know the risk factors incidence of TB disease in Sabang Regional Public Health Center, District Dampelas, Donggala. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study case-control using a document of TB as well as structured interviews using a questionnaire, the case was a patient who suffered from TB in Puskesmas Sabang in 2017, and control is one that has the same sex that is at the Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) Sabang, comparison cases and controls were 1:1, 30 cases and 30 controls. RESULTS: Smoking habit with p = 0.020 (odds ratio [OR] = 7.120, confidence interval [CI] = 1.358–37.337) and house humidity with p = 0.000 (OR = 26.318, CI = 4.399–157.474) were the most dominant risk factors for TB incidence, while the type of gender, education and knowledge are protective against the incidence of TB. CONCLUSION: Smoking habits and house humidity are the most dominant risk factors for the incidence of TB in the work area of the Sabang Health Center, Dampelas District, Donggala Regency. Health workers should increase education to the public about the dangers of smoking and the requirements of healthy housing.

Pengabdian dalam Upaya Pencapaian Kondisi Permukiman, Sarana, dan Prasarana Sehat Dalam Mewujudkan Kabupaten Banyuwangi Sehat di Tahun 2021

This service in efforts to achieve healthy housing conditions, facilities and infrastructure in realizing a Healthy Banyuwangi Regency is carried out as an effort to maintain environmental comfort and health, including reforestation activities by planting trees and protecting rivers from pollution. The data shows that the number of trees planted from 2013 to 2020 is 7,774,132. Although the Covid-19 pandemic still haunts people's lives, activities in an effort to improve the quality of proper air and water continue to carry out health protocols.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Leprosy Cases in East Java Province with Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR)

Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is still a health problem in Indonesia. The incidence of leprosy in every regency/city in East Java Province indicates a spatial dependence. This study aims to describe the pattern of leprosy incidence and identify factors that influence the incidence of leprosy in East Java Province. This study used secondary data published by East Java Provincial Health Office and East Java Central Statistics Agency in 2018. The observation units in this study are 38 regencies/cities in East Java Province. The analytical method used is Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) which is a spatial approach based on area. Based on the results of analysis show that Moran's index value = 0.250 (p = 0.018) which means indicating a spatial dependency. The mean years' schools (p = 0.001) and the male population (p = 0.006) had a significant effect on the incidence of leprosy. Meanwhile, the percentage of healthy housing coverage (p = 0.111) and population density (p = 0.055) did not affect the incidence of leprosy. The spread pattern of leprosy in East Java Province is clustered in adjacent areas and factors that affect the incidence of leprosy are the mean years' schools and the male population.

The right to healthy housing

Health visitors are ideally placed to advise government on the plight of homeless families and the significant, enduring impact on the health of children

Perceived Health Problems of Young Single-Person Households in Housing Poverty Living in Seoul, South Korea: A Qualitative Study

There is an increased prevalence of housing poverty among urban young adults; however, research on housing poverty and health is lacking. This study examined the effects of housing poverty on the health concepts of young people living alone. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 single-person households, with individuals aged 19–39 years, living in Seoul, the demographic group with the highest housing poverty rate in South Korea. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Based on the health concepts of the respondents, housing poverty negatively affected health in terms of “the occurrence and continuation of anxiety,” “the increase and continuation of lethargy,” “the difficulty in managing daily life and taking care of health,” “the lack of a dependable support person,” and “the difficulty in preventing and treating disease.” The majority of young people experienced difficulties responding to their situations, and their housing poverty was hard to overcome. This study suggests the need to expand healthy housing policies, strengthen housing safety nets, and enhance access to public resources needed for a healthy living.