Interactive relationship between non-farm employment and mechanization service expenditure in rural China

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the interactive relationship between non-farm employment and mechanization service expenditure.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs an innovative two-stage probit least squares (2SPLS) model to analyze the survey data collected from 1,148 rural households in China. This model not only simultaneously estimates the impact of non-farm employment on mechanization service expenditure and the impact of mechanization service expenditure on non-farm employment, but also addresses endogeneity issues associated with these two activities.FindingsThe empirical results show that non-farm employment and mechanization service expenditure are jointly determined. In particular, the study finds that non-farm employment significantly increases mechanization service expenditure, and vice versa. The results are confirmed by an estimation that captures a dichotomous decision of mechanization service usage. The interactive effects of non-farm employment on mechanization service expenditure are heterogeneous between male and female household heads and among households with different member sizes. Further analyses reveal that (1) mechanization service expenditure increases with increasing non-farm working time; (2) local non-farm employment, rather than provincial non-farm employment, has a larger impact on mechanization service expenditure; and (3) the number of household members employed in non-farm works does not affect mechanization service expenditure significantly.Originality/valueAlthough mechanization service markets are rapidly growing in many developing and transition countries, little is known about how service purchasing interacts with farmers' decisions to work in the non-farm sector. This study makes the first attempt by investigating the interactive effects of non-farm employment on mechanization service expenditure in rural China. The findings provide significant evidence for policymakers in China and other countries in their efforts to generate non-farm work opportunities and promote agricultural mechanization, with the aim of boosting rural development and improving farm economic performance.

PENGARUH EXPERIENTAL MARKETING, STORE ATMOSPHERE, HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI ANGKRINGAN KENDI RENJANA KLATEN

Research was sought to examine marketing based on experience, storeiatmosphere, priceiand serviceiquality ofipurchasing decisionsiat Angkringan Kendi Renjana. Quantitative descriptive is used in this type of research. All consumers who make purchases at Angkringan Renjana are counted as samples in this research. Convience samplingiis used for respondent techniques, the number of samples obtained is 100 respondents. Inithis study,iusing multipleilinear regressionianalysis techniquesiSPSS 15. Theiresults of the description can be ignored from the marketing experience which hasia positiveiand significantieffect onipurchasing decisionsiin Angkringan Kendi Renjana. storeiatmosphere hasiapositive andisignificant effectionidecisions iniAngkringan Kendi Renjana. priceihas aipositive andisignificant effectionipurchasing decisionsiin Angkringan Kendi Renjana . service quality hasiaipositive effectand significantito theipurchase decisioniin Angkringan Kendi Renjana. Keywords: Experienta Marketing; Store Atmosphere; Price; Quality of Service; Purchasing Decision

E-Service Quality dan E-Promotion Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen pada Website Traveloka.com

E-Commerce has a very high growth rate which the needs of quickly and precisely are the main target in the e-commerce business. This study aims to determine how consumers respond to the implementation of e-service quality website, e-promotion website which leads into consumer purchasing decisions at Traveloka using a descriptive quantitative design with data collection techniques through a questionnaire. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the effect of website e-service quality and website e-promotion on service purchasing decisions at Traveloka is positive and significant. The influence of e-service quality website and e-promotion website on purchasing decisions at Traveloka is 23%. While the rest is influenced by variables not included in this study.

The Influence of Legal Brothels on Illegal Sexual Service Purchasing Habits: The U.S. Context

In this study, we use a survey of sex workers’ clients to examine the relationship between having paid for services in legal brothels in Nevada and paying for criminalized sexual services among male clients. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalized ordered logistic regression models, the use of legal brothels is found to be negatively related to reported purchasing of criminalized sexual services, regardless of criminal history, income, and most other demographic factors. When tested by criminalized purchase context, purchases made using the Internet, from public, outdoor contacts (such as the street) and indoor, public contacts (like bars), were less likely to occur with brothel experience. This study addresses a critical gap in scholarship on sex workers’ clients purchasing choices with consideration to both market choice and frequency of purchase when having been exposed to a legal replacement for an illegal transaction. Implications and areas of further study are discussed.