Conceptual principles of evaluation of competitiveness of the enterprise in the conditions of entry into new international markets

In today's market economy, competition is an important concept. Today, issues of competition and competitiveness are especially relevant due to the processes of globalization and intensification of competition between producers of goods and services. As a result, the question arises as to what makes one producer better than another and whether he is able to fully meet the needs of his consumer, thus ensuring his profit? Therefore, assessing the competitive advantages, production, personnel, technological and marketing capabilities of the enterprise, as well as identifying ways to improve them affect the competitiveness of the enterprise in both domestic and foreign markets, as well as the possibility of expanding into new markets. Assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise allows to determine its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with competitors, identify ways to improve it, strengthen the company's position in the national market and identify new target markets. The article provides a review of scientific literature, research and publications on the subject of research, describes the methods, their advantages and disadvantages for assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise in terms of entering new international markets. The stages, the sequence of which must be followed when assessing the competitiveness of enterprises, are summarized. The main indicators, factors, as well as some characteristics of the product that affect the competitiveness of enterprises are presented. It is established that for effective assessment of the competitiveness of the enterprise in terms of entering new international markets, it is advisable to use a set of several valuation methods using a certain sequence. The evaluation results influence the choice of strategy and forms of the company's entry into new international markets, market choice, sales policy, and also allows to effectively assess the company's performance and ability to respond quickly and effectively to external changes, make the right management decisions and take measures to improve competitiveness of the enterprise.

International Business Decision-Making in Family Small and-Medium-Sized Enterprises

Family firm internationalization has become a topic of interest over the last few decades. However, there has been surprisingly little research about the actual international business decision-making in the family firm literature. The purpose of this article is to highlight specific family firm factors which affect the international business decision-making. Based on examples on international market entry, target market choice, entry mode choice, and entry timing decisions, it is suggested that long-term and regional orientation, knowledge-base and its transfer, bifurcation-bias, and perseverance of family managers are important factors affecting international business decision-making among family SMEs.

A win-win situation? Urban regeneration and the paradox of homeowner displacement

This paper examines urban regeneration outcomes for homeowners through a mixed-methods analysis of population change in six redevelopment sites. Israel's national urban regeneration policy presents itself as a ‘win-win’ mechanism, claiming that it mitigates displacement. This claim is tested and discussed through the theoretical lens of state-led gentrification and displacement. The Israeli program relies on contractual agreements between private homeowners and developers and provides homeowners with newly built high-rise condominium units. Consequently, homeowners can choose how to capitalize on their new property – whether to inhabit, let or sell. We argue that their choice reflects the preferences and varied capabilities of owners. While homeowners are relatively protected from direct displacement, the variance in owner capabilities may lead to economic pressures that chiefly impact vulnerable low-income owners. We suggest that the Israeli model of sharing the benefits from housing commodification glosses over the capability gap and frames potential displacement pressures as market choice features.

The evolution of corporate governance and agency control: the effectiveness of mechanisms in creating value for companies with IPO on the Brazilian stock exchange

Purpose From the agency theory’s point of view, this paper aims to analyze corporate governance mechanisms about the characteristics of the companies quoted in the segments Bovespa Mais and Bovespa Mais 2 and their influence on the creation of value in preparation for the opening of the initial public offering (IPO). Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was adopted to achieve the proposed objective using the panel data with fixed effects and secondary data collected on the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários website, using statistical software Stata® 13.0 for statistical tests. The population comprises non-financial companies belonging to the Bovespa Mais and Bovespa Mais Level 2 groups, as the survey sample took into account the period of adhesion of the companies, totaled in 15 companies, which cover the period from 2008 to 2019. The selected variables correspond to the ownership structure’s characteristics, then the board’s composition and the fiscal council as the body responsible for supervising the administrators’ acts. Findings The main results indicate that the number of independent members on the board of directors and the supervisory board’s participation positively influence market performance. However, it also reveals that the concentration of ownership brings fundraising for other companies’ acquisitions, risk reduction concerning information asymmetry between investing powers. Research limitations/implications The main results indicate that the number of independent members on the board of directors and the supervisory board’s participation positively influence market performance. Despite this, it also reveals that the concentration of ownership brings fundraising for other companies’ acquisitions, risk reduction concerning information asymmetry between investing powers. Practical implications This paper advances a comparative institutional perspective to explain capital market choice by firms making an IPO in a foreign market. This paper finds that internal governance characteristics (founder-chief executive officer, executive incentives and board independence) and external network characteristics (prestigious underwriters, degree of venture capitalist syndication and board interlocks) are significant predictors of foreign capital market choice by foreign IPO firms. Social implications While product market choices have been central to strategy formulation for firms in the past, financial markets’ integration makes capital markets an equally crucial strategic decision. This paper advances a comparative institutional perspective to explain capital market choice by firms making an IPO in a foreign market. Originality/value This situation generates value to shareholders and is perceived by the market and, ultimately, generates a direct relationship with the market performance of companies. While product market choices have been central to strategy formulation for firms in the past, financial markets’ integration makes capital markets an equally major strategic decision.

Explaining political choice: prospects for economic theory

The goal of the article is to demonstrate the potential of the economic theory in political choice as opposed to market choice. The article analyzes the input of economic theory to analyzing political choice. The following research objectives were set: (a) to highlight the development of the modern economic theory with regard to political choice with special semphasis on studies dealing with transition nations; (b) to demonstrate relevance or irrelevance of economic voting concept under conditions of modern Ukraine; (c) to find out how the information imperfectness and its comprehension by consumers in the political market affect the resulting choice. The scope of this study extends to an individual’s choice within the political market, and a subject is its distinctiveness under conditions of transition society. It is shown that political choice is characterized by inherent irrationality that gives space to different ways of external influencing voter preferences. The author proves that the economic vote is not present in the Ukrainian political context.

Fish of choice- An analytical hierarchy process to determine fish consumption in West Bengal

The factors affecting consumers’ decision in selecting most preferredfish species for consumption in Kolkata, West Bengal was explored based on the survey of 250 households, 125 each sourcing the household fish purchase from the traditional fish markets and modern retail outlets for consumption purpose. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the criteria that influenced choice of most desired fish. Based on the concept of pairwise comparison, the results revealed that choice of fish was influenced by price of fish (9.38 percent), fish quality (58.51 percent) and taste preference (32.12 percent) in the traditional fish market, whereas in modern retail market, choice of fish depended upon price (9.29percent), quality (61.22 percent) and taste (29.50 percent). Considering these criteria, the most desired type of fish based on price was hilsa (44.64 percent) in traditional fish market while in modern retail market, it was rohu (53.25percent). Considering the quality, most preferred fish was hilsa (45.14 and 59.55 percent) in traditional and modern retail markets respectively. Based on taste, the most preferred fish was hilsa (52.12 and 59.01 percent) in both the markets. This paper describedthechoice of preferred fish for consumption based on several identified criteria and served as a guide to both the buyers and sellers of fish and fish products to produce products of desired quality, with a good price in a hygienic condition.

The Possiblilty of Pola to Enter the Kuala Lumpur Market

Pola’s current development goal is to access to the ASEAN market, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is its best market choice. This proposal provides a theoretical and practical basis for entering the market by analyzing the market economy in Kuala Lumpur, which includes its consumer preference, product quality and safety standards, consumers’ recognition and loyalty for products, and laws and regulations related to cosmetics. At the same time, this paper also provides relevant solutions to the problems and challenges that may be encountered when entering the market. Moreover, referring to the successful developments in Singapore and Bangkok, compared with other untapped markets in ASEAN, Kuala Lumpur is the most suitable target for Pola development at this stage.

Subnational institutions and EMNE acquisitions in advanced economies: institutional escapism or fostering?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether subnational market-supporting institutions in Indian states affect the likelihood of Indian multinational enterprises (MNEs) to undertake acquisitions in advanced economies (AEs) rather than emerging economies (EEs) and, if so, which mechanism – institutional fostering or escapism – underlies the phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a logistic regression model on a dataset of 647 firm-level cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) undertaken by Indian MNEs during the period 2010–2016. Findings The paper finds support for the institutional escapism mechanism, as opposed to the institutional fostering mechanism, underlying Indian MNEs’ acquisitions in AEs (rather than EEs). That is, firms headquartered in Indian states where market-supporting institutions (such as economic liberalization and efficiency of legal systems) are weak are more likely to undertake CBAs in AEs than in EEs as an escapist response to weak subnational institutions at home. Originality/value The paper highlights the relevance of the mainstream international business (IB) concept of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) internationalization to critical IB scholarship by examining subnational institutional influences on EMNEs’ foreign market choice between AEs and EEs. In particular, by providing evidence for the institutional escapism mechanism which has potential negative socioeconomic consequences in the region of the investing firm, the paper adds to critical IB research which places great emphasis on the examination of inequalities and draws attention to the EMNE context as a suitable setting for further research on internationalization from a critical perspective.

THE ALTERNATIVE ISLAMIC PRICING BASED ON NATURE OF BUSINESS

The contradictive of using interest rate as Islamic Pricing Benchmark (IPB) has been discussed among scholars. A lot of alternatives has been offer by scholars but the implementation is based on market choice which are the competitive pricing of interest rate and the advantage of majority share of conventional financing. In this paper there will be 3 objectives; first to give information of literatures review for some alternatives that already offer by scholars, second is to give information about pro and cons of using interest rates as the benchmark of cost of fund for Islamic Financial Institutions and the final objective is what author’s opinion and what kind alternative that author will provide based on literature review and author’s logic sense. The alternative IPB will be explained in this paper is based on nature of business, which will be categorized as IPB for debt financing, equity financing and combine financing. To implement IPB there are some infrastructure that will need to adjust in order to create fair environment such as educate customer and change the behaviour of customer to choose financing product, to change the role of bank and to see the paradigm of cost of statuary reserve requirement in central bank.