STENDHAL, PUSHKIN, GOGOL: TOWARDS THE METAPHYSICS OF A MONUMENT

The metaphysical motif of the monument in the works of Pushkin and Gogol is compared with Stendhal’s monument philosopheme. The article demonstrates the ideatorial and material, spiritual and tangible aspects of the motif in the works of these authors, as well as its connection with the historical element in culture and daily reality.The monuments in Pushkin’s ode and Gogol’s Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends [Vybrannie mesta iz perepiski s druziyami] is perceived by the two authors through the dichotomy of culture as opposed to civilization. It was on Russian soil that Pushkin and Gogol further developed the cultural-historical and philosophical-historical pathos of Stendhal’s observations, moving in the same romantic/post-romantic flow.The author infers that, in his Monument [Pamyatnik], Pushkin preserved and uncovered his creative self as a combination of the spiritual and the tangible. By contrast, Gogol’s late works show his attempts to evade such preservation or to use ambiguous ways to imply the existence of his morphed self. Indeed, Gogol did not ‘repeat’ Pushkin, but only in the constant inner dialogue with the poet amid history in motion.

GERAKAN ISLAM KEBANGSAAN MBAH MUQAYYIM; KAJIAN HISTORIS RELASI KERATON KANOMAN DAN PESANTREN BUNTET CIREBON

The article talks about a relationship system between keraton and pesantren in Cirebon in the framework of the history of the 18th M century. It Refers to discussion tendency about pesantren and its authority. Both two institutions are interpreted in a separate manner. Whereas there is evidence that this relationship between pesantren and keraton as an institution power in Java has a close connection. This study is based on an argument that keraton and pesantren have a close relationship with a side lineage or in building Cirebon Islamic character. Except use a historical approach, this research also uses a multidimensional approach through many knowledge discipline approaches, such as Anthropology, Sociology, and Cultures. This article is not only revealing the historical element of keraton relationship but also discusses Islamic nationality movement by a mufti figure, Mbah Muqayyim. An against religion movement’s figure to colonialist which basically, is spirit protection the religion and nationality. The result can be concluded that keraton and pesantren relationship system in Cirebon is made through kinship, scientific transmission and tradition preservation concept Where Mbah Muqayyimas an important figure who contributes to saving the keraton’s religious tradition which is threatened by colonialist dominance in surroundings Keraton Kanoman

Reflections on Historic Rights in the South China Sea Arbitration (Merits)

The Annex vii Arbitral Tribunal, in its arbitral award of 12 July 2016, ruled that China’s claims to historic rights with respect to the maritime areas of the South China Sea encompassed by the “nine-dash line” are contrary to the un Convention on the Law of the Sea. To support this conclusion, the Tribunal undertook detailed review with regard to the concept of historic rights and the relationship between China’s claimed historic rights and the Convention. The temporal or historical element can be regarded as a key element to establish historic rights. However, the Tribunal took an approach that minimises the role of the temporary element when examining the legality of China’s claimed historic rights. The Tribunal’s view provides an important insight into the concept of historic rights in the international law of the sea.

From Apology to Utopia’s Conditions of Possibility

Martti Koskenniemi's From Apology to Utopia is (rightly) considered a classic in international legal theory. The study tracks the oscillation of international legal argument over hundreds of years to reconcile seeming incongruencies: legal reasoning does not provide determinacy, but it brings weighted direction to political conflict; legal categories are amorphous, yet also an autonomous field of study. Though not commonly engaged, the methodological and theoretical posture of the book is significantly informed by a theory of history. This article focuses on this historical element within the text as a means to analyze some of its central claims and situate it within a broader sociology of knowledge production particular to late twentieth century legal academia.

Opioid use following the introduction of an extended-release oxycodone formulation with tamper-resistant properties: Prospective historical chart review in methadone-maintained patients

Objective: Emerging data are demonstrating that tamper-resistant opioids may play an important role in changing prescription opioid abuse behaviors. This study was a chart review to examine if the reformulation of OxyContin® into a version with tamper-resistant properties (OxyNEO®) had an impact on oxycodone-positive urine drug screens (UDSs) in opioid-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).Design: The historical element of this study examined 250 eligible charts from patients on MMT who had data during the time periods when only OxyContin was available (baseline period), during the transition to OxyNEO, and when only OxyNEO was available. The prospective element included an exploratory questionnaire regarding retrospective opioid use.Setting: The study was conducted at three methadone clinics, in Oshawa, Peterborough, and Scarborough in Ontario, Canada.Participants: Male and female patients were eligible if they had a diagnosis of opioid dependency, received MMT, and had at least one oxycodone-positive UDS during the baseline period.Intervention: This was a noninterventional study.Main outcome measure: The main outcome was the number of oxycodone-positive UDSs.Results: The results demonstrated a marked reduction in oxycodone-positive UDSs that showed stepwise, statistically significant decreases during the transition and post-OxyContin periods relative to baseline. While the oxycodone-positive UDS results were decreasing, morphine-related-positive UDSs remained relatively stable during the same periods. There were no significant gender differences noted.Conclusions: The introduction of OxyNEO was associated with a statistically significant reduction in oxycodone exposure in a population of methadone-maintained patients.

THE THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSY BETWEEN EUNOMIUS AND BASIL THE GREAT: A PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT In this paper we examine an aspect of the conflict between Eunomius of Cyzicus and Basil the Great, as it referred to supreme dogmatic matters, such as the relationships between the Persons of the Holy Trinity. This theological rupture appears in a period, during which Christian doctrines are composed at advanced levels of maturity, also with the development among other things of impressive leaps toward which had been attempted by Origen, who was basically also the founder of Christian Hermeneutics. We refer to the basic concept of the conflict, namely the epinoia, and we set it off through the ontological-epistemological knowledge-contrast of realism-idealism. Our research programme is based in part on the historical element, par excellence on the systematic. As to the specific object of analysis, our report will be limited to an outline text of Basil of Caesarea and our aim will be to draw it out in its full development, from one expression to the next. This is the sixth chapter of the first book from the treatise Against Eunomius.

Keeping it Intimate: A Meditation on the Power of Horror

The paper is a reading of Julia Kristeva, The Severed Head. It first interprets a dual historical element in Kristeva's text on "capital visions," her selection of exemplars of the artistic representation of severed heads. On the one hand, there are the aesthetic trajectories themselves, from skull art to artistic modernism. On the other hand, there is an implicit history of "horror" in psychoanalysis in this text, going from Freud through Lacan to Kristeva. The paper then indicates the tone of possibility and invitation that inhabits Kristeva’s treatment of horror in capital visions, which suggests that she does not divide aesthetics off from ethics. Finally, I underline the note of humor that enters into the psychoanalytic and aesthetic treatment of horror, once Kristeva has linked it to the feminine.

Wie viel Geschichte braucht die Ökonomie? Das Verhältnis von Theorie und Geschichte in evolutionstheoretischer Interpretation

Economic History and History of Economic Thought haven been relegated increasingly from the teaching and research curricula of economics in recent years. The paper starts off arguing that this trend is due to the mechanistic ontology of mainstream economics, and it continues setting out an alternative evolutionary ontology expounding how the historical element must and can be integrated into the body of economic theory. Centre stage is a lingua franca composed of analytical terms that are designed to bridge the domains of theoretical and of historical economic analysis. Economists are viewed in their status as observers whose cognitive dispositions as well as social behaviour co-evolve with the environment they inhabit. Further advances in economic theory are seen as being critically dependent on employing an evolutionary approach and on establishing a communication link to economic history and the history of economic thought which likewise may get essential inspirations from applying that approach.

Intervention Debating Lebowitz: Is Class Conflict the Moral and Historical Element in the Value of Labour-Power?

Prompted by the debate over Michael Lebowitz's contributions on the relative absence of class struggle in Marx's Capital (and, in particular, the determining if subjective role played by labour in resisting capital), this paper seeks to push analysis forward by closer examination of the notion of the value of labour-power. It does so by arguing that labour markets are structured, reproduced and transformed in complex and differentiated ways, whilst the moral and historical elements that make up the use-value interpretation of the value of labour-power also need to be addressed in a differentiated manner rather than as a fixed bundle.