Assessment of In-vitro culture through Nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii

The present experimental study was aimed to overcome the traditional methods of propagation that limit the number of propagules by in-vitro regeneration through nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii with a comparative study of growth regulators during the shooting and rooting process. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is distributed from the Himalayas (Nepal) to the northern part of Burma. Collection of explants was done from different selected sites of CPTs. There was the use of HgCl2 and Ca (OCl)2 as sterilizing agents in different concentrations and its effect was visualized during the sprouting stage. Culm explants were cultured in a bottle containing White media (Wm) supplemented with BA and Kinetin for sprouting and IAA, IBA, NAA for rooting. There is also the use of IAA+IBA+NAA in combined form as a supplementary solution 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 20-minute results into77.80% aseptic buds and 72% bud -break. Among the used growth-hormones, BA with concentration 0.25mg/l and 0.50mg/l respectively were appropriate for shoot-multiplication rate, 4.01±0.3 and 4.3±0.4 were ideal observation incorporation with BA (1.00mg/l) and BA (1.50mg/l) respectively. Maximum sprouting rate14.77±3.37with application of BA (2.00mg/l) and maximum shoot length4.3±0.4 is observed at BA (1.50mg/l). The applications of rooting hormone IAA+IBA+NAA in the concentration of 1.0 mg/l results in 72.5±0.3(rooting) and 11.1±0.3 (av. No. of the root).

Sub-acute oral toxicity evaluation of aqueous extract of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii) in Balb/c mice

Probiotics Bamboo shoot (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), the young tender and immature culm, is being considered as a complete health food due to its high nutritional and bioactive content. Although, freshly harvested bamboo shoots are nutritionally richer; anti-nutritional factors and toxicity in fresh shoots used for consumption are a matter of concern. This study was conducted to evaluate the sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extract in shoots of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. The bamboo shoot extract was administered orally to Balb/c mice at doses of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg, body weight for 28 days. Results revealed a significant enhancement in the level of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase accompanied by a significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation. A dose-dependent increase was observed in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase while, a marked reduction was seen in the activity of enzyme catalase. None of any mortality and behavioral changes was observed. At higher dose (1600 mg/kg, body weight) the level of serum creatinine, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly however, the histo-architecture of liver and kidney was normal. Therefore, it is concluded that the medium-term oral administration of the bamboo shoot extract for 28 days does not cause toxicity.

An annotated checklist of microbes associated with bamboo in the Indian subcontinent

In India, the area occupied by bamboo is found to be around 1,003 hectares with about 23 genera and 128 species. The most common and economically important bamboo species are Bambusa bambos, B. nutans, B. tulda, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, D. strictus, Ochlandra travancorica and Melacona baccifera. The present paper deals with the appraisal of the bamboo microbes in India encountered on different species of bamboo, along with their taxonomic status, the details of diseases/infection, and the location of reporting and the author. Records of association of microbes/ pathogens on bamboo are scattered in a wide array of journals, books and dissertations. Hence, this comprehensive checklist of microbes associated with bamboo in India has been prepared. This review documents the data of the known 432 microbes associated with bamboo belonging to 12 phyla and 46 orders. The fungal associations have diverse habits- as saprobes, pathogens and also as symbionts. Pathogens belonging to the phylum Deuteromycota were the highest (39.35%), followed by 26.85% in Ascomycota and 20.83% in Basidiomycota. Some of the phyla had pathogens causing various diseases. The highest record of the foliage disease incidence was 40.99% and 24.12% respectively by pathogenic ‘Ascomycota’ and ‘Deuteromycota’. Among Basidiomycota, pathogens causing culm diseases were the highest (26.25%), 66.66% of pathogens belonging to Phylum Proteobacteria were responsible for causing infection of seeds. Among the viral diseases, foliage diseases were more (75%). Myxomycetes were observed to cause the decay and deterioration of bamboo culms upto about 54.54%. It was observed that fungal isolates belonging to the order Moniliales dominated in causing foliage diseases (22.75%), culm diseases (25.36%), and nursery diseases (45.1%) and also infection of seeds (77.94%).