Dentoalveolar fractures with mild head injury

Background: Trauma and injury to teeth and their supporting tissues often occur in cases of oromaxillofacial trauma. Oromaxillofacial trauma is found in 15% of all emergencies, with dentoalveolar trauma involvement in 2% of these cases. Objective: Management of dentoalveolar fractures with minor head injuries. Case: A 53-year-old man, traumatized by a single motorcycle accident and hit by a wooden board with his face hit first. The patient was unconscious shortly after the accident, then complained of pain in the lower lip and gums, teeth 11, 21 avulsed, 12, 22, 31, 21, 41, 42 mobile, and headache. Management: The inspection and handling of the airway was not carried out because it had been previously handled at Puskesmas. The patient was consulted on the Neurosurgery Department for a history of loss of consciousness, then under general anesthesia, definitive care was performed by attaching the eyelet splint to fix the anterior maxillary teeth, and fixation with Erich arch bar for the lower anterior teeth. Conclusion: Interdental wiring is an intraoperative fixation technique for dentoalveolar trauma, accompanied by eyelet splint and Erich arch bar. Patients with head trauma should be consulted to a neurosurgeon before definitive measures are taken.

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Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: A case report

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1177/2050313x211003076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 2050313X2110030

Author(s):

Asfandyar Mufti ◽

Muskaan Sachdeva ◽

Khalad Maliyar ◽

Marissa Joseph

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Malformations ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Recurrent Epistaxis ◽

Receptor Like Kinase ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Background: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in blood vessel formation. The clinical manifestations of patients affected with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia include mucocutaneous telangiectasias and visceral arteriovenous malformations. Case Summary: We report the case of a 30-year-old female diagnosed with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia presenting with the classic triad of recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasias and family history of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia with activin receptor-like kinase 1 mutation. Upon skin examination, she was noted to have telangiectasias under left naris, inner lower lip and surface of the tongue, and a vascular malformation on the right forearm. Conclusion: Although the skin involvement and epistaxis may be mild symptoms and signs of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, timely recognition of these can ensure vigilant monitoring of potential severe complications from cerebral and pulmonary visceral arteriovenous malformations.

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Lip sucking and lip biting in the primary dentition: Two cases treated with a morphological approach combined with lip exercises and habituation

International Journal of Orofacial Myology ◽

10.52010/ijom.2003.29.1.4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 42-57

Author(s):

Kyoko Fukumitsu ◽

◽

Fumie Ohno ◽

Toshihide Ohno

Keyword(s):

Primary Dentition ◽

Open Bite ◽

Functional Appliance ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Morphological Approach ◽

Tongue Thrust ◽

Oral Screen

Lip sucking and lip biting in the primary-dentition period can cause the upper incisors to tip labially and the lower incisors to collapse lingually with the lower lip wedged between the upper and lower anterior teeth. The resulting lip incompetence further aggravates maxillary protrusion. Thus, there is a causal relationship between lip sucking/lip biting and maxillary protrusion. Orofacial myologists provide lip training to activate the flaccid upper lip and raise the child's awareness to help stop the sucking or biting of the lower lip, sometimes using an oral screen. Two primary-dentition cases with lip sucking and lip biting were treated with a functional appliance (F.A.), resulting in the elimination of the habits in 5 to 6 months along with the improvement of the overjet, overbite and facial profile. The authors prioritize myofunctional therapy (MFT) when treating open bite cases with tongue thrust in the primary dentition. However, the treatment of maxillary protrusion due to lip sucking and lip biting is approached differently with priority given to morphological improvement to create an oral environment that makes lip sucking and lip biting difficult, which is complimented with lip exercises and habituation. This combined approach was found to be effective in breaking the lip-sucking and lip-biting habits.

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The history of neurosurgery

Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

Henry Marsh ◽

Eleni Marts

Keyword(s):

Head Injuries ◽

Neurosurgical Procedures ◽

History Of Surgery ◽

Localization Theory ◽

The World ◽

History Of Neurosurgery ◽

History Of ◽

Cerebral Localization ◽

Modern Era ◽

The Brain

The history of neurosurgery falls naturally into the premodern era, where it is essentially the history of surgery to the skull and of head injuries, and the modern era, where it is the history of surgery to the brain itself, made possible by cerebral localization theory, antisepsis, and anaesthesia, all of which developed in the nineteenth century. The first known neurosurgical procedures were skull trephines, seemingly carried out on both the living and the dead. It is unclear whether these were performed for therapeutic or ritualistic reasons. There are many trepanned skulls dating back thousands of years to the Neolithic era, and perhaps to even earlier, from sites all over the world.

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Catching the snitch or the consequences? Profiling incidence of concussions in Quidditch players

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000550653.12040.a6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S24.3-S25

Author(s):

Vi Tran ◽

Spencer Walser ◽

Jeff Wayland ◽

Adam Elwood ◽

Jose H. Posas

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Harry Potter ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Evaluation ◽

Total Head ◽

Collegiate Level ◽

Recovery Times ◽

History Of

BackgroundConcussions are caused by a blow to or a violent shaking of the head or body. With increasing popularity of novel sports, such as Quidditch inspired by the Harry Potter series, it is suspected that players are commonly misdiagnosed or not seeking treatment after suffering a concussion. Here, we look at the incidence of concussion in Quidditch players.Materials/methodsAfter obtaining IRB approval we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey amongst players in the Major League Quidditch for the 2017 season. The survey included questions corresponding to demographics, previous medical history specific to concussions, migraines, co-morbidities, and suspected concussions whilst engaging in Quidditch.ResultsFour hundred sixty-four players were contacted via email with 34% response rate. Of 34%, 96.2% previously engaged in sports either high school or collegiate level. Twenty-six percent of males and 29% of females reported having previously medically diagnosed concussions outside of Quidditch. Fifteen percent reported never hitting their head during a Quidditch match while 19% indicated more than 10 total head injuries. Twenty-five percent of players reported a medically confirmed concussion during play, with 20% indicating a suspected concussion without medical evaluation. Thirty-four percent reported a history of depression or anxiety with 21 players reporting a history of migraines. Those with confirmed head injuries or suspected concussion, 39% indicated that they sought medical treatment while 24% responded that they did not.ConclusionMajority of Quidditch players reported having suffered a concussion prior to playing while half reported suffering a confirmed or suspected concussion during a game. Players were divided on seeking treatment. It is well documented that history of migraines or other comorbidities combined with multiple concussions leads to longer recovery times as well as higher rates of post-concussive syndrome. With the growing rate of traumatic brain injuries, it is imperative that players are diagnosed and treated to prevent future consequences.

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Mitigating the Consequences of Subconcussive Head Injuries

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1146/annurev-bioeng-091219-053447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 387-407

Author(s):

Eric A. Nauman ◽

Thomas M. Talavage ◽

Paul S. Auerbach

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Clinical Neurology ◽

Subconcussive Injury ◽

History Of ◽

Tissue Alteration ◽

The Brain

Subconcussive head injury represents a pathophysiology that spans the expertise of both clinical neurology and biomechanical engineering. From both viewpoints, the terms injury and damage, presented without qualifiers, are synonymously taken to mean a tissue alteration that may be recoverable. For clinicians, concussion is evolving from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that requires objective measurement, to be achieved by biomedical engineers. Subconcussive injury is defined as subclinical pathophysiology in which underlying cellular- or tissue-level damage (here, to the brain) is not severe enough to present readily observable symptoms. Our concern is not whether an individual has a (clinically diagnosed) concussion, but rather, how much accumulative damage an individual can tolerate before they will experience long-term deficit(s) in neurological health. This concern leads us to look for the history of damage-inducing events, while evaluating multiple approaches for avoiding injury through reduction or prevention of the associated mechanically induced damage.

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Method to Assess and Enhance Vulnerable Road User Safety during Impact Loading

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9051000 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mariusz Ptak

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Road User ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Safety Requirements ◽

Interesting Insight ◽

Road Users ◽

Vulnerable Road User ◽

History Of ◽

Vulnerable Road Users

Every year approximately 1.35 million people die as a consequence of road accidents. Almost 50% of road fatalities are vulnerable road users (VRUs). This research reviews the history of traffic safety for VRUs, presents an interesting insight into the statistics and evaluates the current legislation in Europe for pedestrians, cyclists, children on bicycle-mounted seats and motorcyclists in terms of impact situations and applied criteria. This enabled the author to have a better perspective on how the VRUs’ safety is currently verified. Furthermore, the VRU safety requirements are contrasted with the author’s research, which is mainly focused on VRU’s head biomechanics and kinematics. Finally, a new coherent method is presented, which encompasses the sub-groups of VRUs and proposes some improvements to both the regulations as well as technical countermeasures to mitigate the injuries during an impact. This study highlights the importance of numerical methods, which can serve as a powerful tool to study VRUs’ head injuries and kinematics.

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Traumatismo dento-alveolar em escolares de uma ONG em Salvador-Bahia: uma abordagem epidemiológica

Revista de Saúde Coletiva da UEFS ◽

10.13102/rscdauefs.v9i0.4352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Tatiana Frederico de Almeida ◽

Carolina Silva Cervino Garcia

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Oral Health Problem ◽

The Family ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Dentoalveolar Trauma

Introdução: O traumatismo dento-alveolar em vários locais do mundo tem alta prevalência na dentição decídua e permanente de crianças e jovens, com cerca de um terço destes sendo afetados. Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e gravidade de traumatismo dento-alveolar em crianças e jovens de 03 a 18 anos, assim como fatores associados. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal no Centro de Integração Familiar em Salvador, Bahia, que atende cerca de 400 crianças e jovens. Foram registradas informações sociodemográficas e história do trauma. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 357 escolares. Resultados: A amostra tinha idade média de 8,3 anos. A prevalência do traumatismo foi de 15,69%, sendo a fratura de esmalte o agravo mais frequentemente encontrado, e sua etiologia principal a queda. Conclusão: O trauma acometeu o sexo feminino, as crianças mais velhas, de cor branca/outras, com overjet acentuado e com mais de dois irmãos. É necessária maior divulgação de informações de prevenção deste problema de saúde bucal.AbstractIntroduction: Dento-alveolar trauma in many places around the world has a high prevalence in deciduous and permanent dentition of children and young people, with about one third of them being affected. Objective: To describe the prevalence and severity of dentoalveolar trauma in children and young people from 03 to 18 years old, as well as associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Integration Center in Salvador, Bahia, which serves about 400 children and young people. Sociodemographic information and history of trauma were recorded. The study was conducted with a sample of 357 students. Results: The sample had a mean age of 8.3 years. The prevalence of trauma was 15.69%, with the enamel fracture being the most frequently encountered injury, and its main etiology being the fall. Conclusion: The trauma affected females, older children, white/others people, with severe overjet and with more than two siblings. More information on prevention of this oral health problem is needed.

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Phylogeny of the Labeoninae (Teleostei, Cypriniformes) based on nuclear DNA sequences and implications on character evolution and biogeography

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/58.6.837 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 837-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lanping Zheng ◽

Junxing Yang ◽

Xiaoyong Chen

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Character Evolution ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Systematic Exploration ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

History Of

Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about labeonines have been undertaken the results have been inconsistent and a comprehensive phylogeny is needed. Further, an incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. In this study, a total of 292 nucleotide sequences from 73 individuals (representing 24 genera and 73 species) of Labeoninae were analyzed. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are four major clades within Labeoninae and three monophyletic lineages within the fourth clade. Results of the character evolution show that all oroman-dibular morphological characters are homoplastically distributed on the molecular phylogenetic tree and suggests that these characters evolved several times during the history of labeonines. In particular, the labeonine , a specific disc on the lower lip, has been acquired three times and reversed twice. These morphological characters do not have systematic significance but can be useful for taxonomy. The results of biogeography suggest that the Labeoninae originated from Southeast Asia and separately dispersed to Africa, East Asia and South Asia.

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The versatile melolabial flap

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988910700602.1 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 107 (6_part_1) ◽

pp. 721-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. A. L. Younger

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Regional Anatomy ◽

Flap Viability ◽

History Of ◽

Versatile Technique ◽

Methods Of Reconstruction ◽

Technical Considerations

The melolabial flap Is a versatile technique for reconstruction of defects of the central face. Variations of this flap may be used to reconstruct the lower eyelids, the nose, the upper and lower lip, chin, and malar regions. Regional anatomy, Indications, technical considerations, and avoidance of complications are discussed on the basis of 10 bilateral cadaver dissections of the melolabial area, In conjunction with 70 reconstructive cases that used this flap. Statistical analysis of the results reveals that flap viability is compromised by previous radiation and smoking. Consequently, alternate methods of reconstruction of the central face should be used in patients who have a history of these problems.

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Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Treatment with Combined Twin Block and Lip Bumper Appliances: A Case Report

Archives of Orofacial Sciences ◽

10.21315/aos2021.16.s1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (Supp. 1) ◽

pp. 87-94

Author(s):

Hilda Fitria Lubis ◽

Nurhayati Harahap ◽

Ananda Permata Sari

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Condylar Cartilage ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Mandibular Growth ◽

Twin Block ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Lip Bumper

Functional appliances have been used over a century in clinical orthodontic treatments for skeletal Class II malocclusion patients. Its popularity is attributed to its high patient adaptability and ability to produce rapid treatment changes. The twin block and lip bumper can be combined depending on the patient’s cases. The purpose of therapy with twin block is effective in mandibular growth deficiencies to induce supplementary lengthening of mandibular by stimulating increased growth at the condylar cartilage. The patient was a ten-year-old male patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion. He had a convex facial profile, SNA (sella, nasion, A point) angle of 77.5°, SNB (sella, nasion, B point) angle of 73.0°, ANB (A point, nasion, B point) angle of 4.5°, overjet of 6.5 mm, overbite of 11/41 = 5.0 mm, 21/31 = 4.5 mm, abnormal upper labial frenulum, crossbite in the second left premolar of maxilla, crowded anterior teeth of mandibular, deficiency of mandibular growth, lower lip sucking habit, anterior teeth of maxilla with diastema and proclination. Orthodontic treatment for patient is a combination of twin block and lip bumper appliances. After seven months, frenectomy is used to eliminate and correct the spacing in the frenulum. After 10 months, the patient’s skeletal and profile had improved to skeletal Class I malocclusion, SNA angle of 78.0°, SNB angle of 75.0°, ANB angle of 3.0°, overbite and overjet of 4.0 mm, and the lower lip sucking habit had stopped. Twin block and lip bumper appliances are particularly good alternative treatment in managing selected cases of skeletal Class II malocclusion.

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