The Christian Invention of Time

Time is integral to human culture. Over the last two centuries people's relationship with time has been transformed through industrialisation, trade and technology. But the first such life-changing transformation – under Christianity's influence – happened in late antiquity. It was then that time began to be conceptualised in new ways, with discussion of eternity, life after death and the end of days. Individuals also began to experience time differently: from the seven-day week to the order of daily prayer and the festal calendar of Christmas and Easter. With trademark flair and versatility, world-renowned classicist Simon Goldhill uncovers this change in thinking. He explores how it took shape in the literary writing of late antiquity and how it resonates even today. His bold new cultural history will appeal to scholars and students of classics, cultural history, literary studies, and early Christianity alike.

Architectural Sustainability on the Impacts of Different Air-Conditioning Operational Profiles and Temperature Setpoints on Energy Consumption: Comparison between Mosques with and Without HVLS Fan in the City Center Mosques

The use of air-conditioning (AC) in conjunction with high-volume, low-speed (HVLS) fan has become a trend in retrofitted mosque buildings in Malaysia to improve thermal comfort conditions. However, the energy impact of operating AC and HVLS fan simultaneously is unknown. This study compares the annual energy consumptions between mosques with and without HVLS fan installed and investigates the optimum temperature setpoints and operational profile to improve the mosques' energy efficiency. The comparison using the Building Energy Index (BEI) did not clearly show the superiority between the two groups in terms of energy performance. The study found that both studied mosques could produce around 1-4.9% energy reduction when the AC temperature setpoint was increased by 1˚C and could result in the highest cost-saving of about 4.9% when the temperature was set at 27˚C. A 30-minute AC operation during each daily prayer, except Subuh, could save between 14.8-16.7% annual energy consumption and about 15.15-16.6% annual energy cost. The paper concludes that the selection of 24-27˚C temperature setpoints with a 30-minute AC operational profile during prayers time with consideration Friday prayers and Ramadhan activities produced 18.4-20.6% savings in energy cost. This study calls for reevaluations of AC temperature setpoints configuration standards and operational characteristics in mosque buildings to reduce the buildings' energy consumption. This paper contributes to the development of future energy standards for mosque designs and operations in Malaysia.

Rereading Psalm 121 in an African (Yoruba) context

This article is an attempt to reread Psalm 121 in an African context with reference to the culture of the Yoruba people of Nigeria. The study considers certain Eurocentric interpretation of the Book of Psalms which Africans maintained do not meet their social, physical and spiritual aspirations. An African interpretation of the Bible is an interpretation which adopts the African world view. In this study, Psalm 121 is interpreted in the light of help and protection which are the greatest needs of the African people. The study adopts the African Biblical Hermeneutics. The central focus of this approach is to provide a useful lens to reread biblical text in African context. It was discovered that as early as the third century Christian era, worshippers in the temple chanted, and sung on a regular basis from Psalms. The Psalms were popular in the fourth century with the rise of monasticism as monks chanted the psalms as daily prayer not only for personal guidance but also for spiritual warfare against demons. The ancient Israelites who were the original authors of the Psalter wrote from their experiences. Many biblical scholars and members of African indigenous churches in Nigeria, see the Psalter as divine and potent words. Psalm 121 can be used to invoke help and protection on those who desire them in the same way as words of incantation (ogede) are used among the Yoruba ethnic group of Nigeria. It is hoped that the Psalms and the entire Bible will be properly contextualized to address the challenges that Africans are currently facing.

Letter-Poems to Shauki Masi

An extension of an ongoing haunted queer diasporic kinship practice, this piece consists of letter-poems written to the author’s ancestor, Shauki Masi, who passed away several years ago. In this way, the author offers queer Muslim meditations on the five pillars of Islam: salat (ritual of daily prayer), zakat (alms), sawm (ramzaan), hajj (pilgrimage), and shahadah (declaration of faith). The five pillars of Islam offer a praxis through which Muslims can (re)balance their relationships, communities, and therefore the world.

MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF SISWA RA SUNAN AMPEL PASURUAN

This article describes the use of animated daily prayer videos to support learning activities during the pandemic and its impact on the cognitive development of students in RA Sunan Ampel, Pasuruan. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with instruments. The results of this study indicate that the use of video animation instructional media consists of two stages, namely preparation and implementation. The preparation stage is the initial activity carried out before the video application stage. These stages include analyzing the material and learning objectives, identifying the contents of the animated video, and discussing with a group of friends about the video to be selected. Meanwhile, at the implementation stage, the animated video was shared in the Whatsapp group. So that children can still learn to use animated video media during the pandemic. This video helps increase children's enthusiasm for learning while at home. By listening to animated video shows, children can improve their cognitive abilities, namely memorizing prayers fluently.

Penerapan Full Day School Dalam Mengembangkan Budaya Religius di Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti Gresik

In general, elementary school-age children will feel bored when they are in school for longer, in contrast to the phenomenon that occurred at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti. Students in this school actually look comfortable and very disciplined when they are at school, especially in terms of worship. Starting from this phenomenon, researchers want to know in depth about the application of full day schools in developing religious culture at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti, with a focus on the problem of how to implement full day schools in developing religious culture at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti ?. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used the analysis of Miles and Huberman. Test the validity of the data by triangulation and reference adequacy. The results showed that full day school learning at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti starts at 07.00 until 16.00. The learning is combined with Islamic habituation which becomes an effort in developing religious culture in schools, and is formed in several activities, namely: shaking hands and saying greetings to teachers, congregational prayers (dhuha prayer, midday prayer, Asr prayer, Friday prayer) , Koran morning, mutual respect and tolerance, tahfiz juz 30, Thursday morning study, study of women, Darul Arqom, MABIT, habituation of daily prayer, PHBI, social service, and habituation of giving. [Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan full day school dalam mengembangkan budaya religious di SD Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti Gresik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis dari Miles dan Huberman. Uji keabsahan data dengan triangulasi dan kecukupan referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran full day school di SD Muhammadiyah 1 Menganti Gresik dimulai pukul 07.00 sampai pukul 16.00. Pembelajarannya dipadukan dengan pembiasaan Islami yang menjadi suatu upaya dalam mengembangkan budaya religius di sekolah, dan terbentuk dalam beberapa kegiatan yaitu: berjabat tangan dan mengucapkan salam kepada guru, sholat berjama’ah (sholat dhuha, sholat dhuhur, sholat ashar, sholat jum’at), ngaji morning, saling hormat dan toleran, tahfiz juz 30, kajian kamis pagi, kajian keputrian, darul arqom, MABIT, pembiasaan doa sehari-hari, PHBI, bakti sosial, dan pembiasaan berinfaq]

Al-Auradul Maraqiyah Maraqitta'Limat Application Based On Android

The Maraqitta'limat Foundation is a Muslim foundation engaged in the field of da'wah, education and social society which was founded by TGH. Muhammad Zainuddin Arsyad. Like most other Muslim community organizations, the Maraqitta'limat Foundation has special zikir and prayers that are practiced for its members. The collection of zikir and prayers owned by the maraqitta'limat foundation is named Aurad, whose contents are taken from the Al-Quran and Hadits which are arranged in book form. The everyday Aurad learning process is applied by reading repeatedly through print media and then memorizing it. Given that currently the development of technology and information has influenced a person's learning behavior and style, an attractive and effective learning media is needed according to the needs of the times. In line with that, an android-based mobile zikir and prayer application that can be accessed on a smartphone is needed to support the needs of technological development. this time. This zikir and daily prayer application aims to make it easier for members of the Maraqitta'limat Foundation to learn and memorize the daily zikir and prayer recitations that are usually practiced at the maraqitta'limat foundation specifically and for Muslims in general.

Cosmological Time

This chapter examines the role of Islamic temporal cosmology in villagers’ lives. It focuses on how moments of daily prayer, fasting, and worship are entwined with the materials of temporal textures, in particular in their calendric and time-measuring forms. These entwinements co-constitute villagers’ religious experience, and offer improvised techniques for making meaning and organizing social life. This chapter argues that any study of secular temporal orientations needs to be viewed in parallel with the modes of temporal reasoning and practice that are derived from Islamic temporal conceptions.