Management of missing maxillary lateral incisor: A contemporary review

Missing maxillary lateral incisor is the most prevalent developmental dental anomaly. The management of missing lateral incisor, either need to be closed and use canine as substitution or create space orthodontically for the prosthetic replacement of the missing lateral incisors. A careful diagnosis and treatment plan are deemed essential to address the patient’s needs as the spacing is present in the esthetic region of the jaw which is very challenging so it should be managed by multidisciplinary approach including specialists in orthodontics, prosthodontics, operative dentistry and periodontist. Space closure with canine lateralization option seems less invasive, treatment can be completed relatively in short period of time and it’s adaptation with the facial changes throughout life without having artificial prosthesis provided other factors favoring for this option. This review article describes the various treatment options and their ideal indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages as well as emphasize on some modifications in the treatment mechanics which is crucial to achieve the optimal esthetic and to improve the occlusion.

TOOTH SUPPORTED OVERDENTURE: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO MANAGE THE OVERCONTOURING AND ENCROACHMENT OF INTER-OCCLUSAL DISTANCE IN A CONVENTIONAL TOOTH SUPPORTED OVER DENTURE PROSTHESIS.

The prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous arch by an artificial substitute is always a challenge for the Prosthodontists. There is always a problem of retention, stability and support of the artificial prosthesis. It is most difficult to satisfy the patients who have high retentive demands especially in the Mandibular removal partial denture prosthesis. This paper presents a case where in few remaining natural teeth of the patient was used to enhance the retention, stability and support of the mandibular tooth supported overdenture prosthesis. The over-denture tends to be bulkier and overcontoured encroachment of inter-occlusal distance is another disadvantage. The concept of overdentures works by means for delaying the process of complete endentulism and helps in the preservation of bone. And above all, it gives the patient the satisfaction of having prosthesis with his natural teeth still present. In this article, case reports with an innovative approach to manage the overcontouring and encroaching of inter-occlusal distance which is generally encountered in a conventional tooth supported over denture. Keywords: Over Denture, Natural teeth, Residual Alveolar Ridge, Primary coping, Secondary coping, Dental Ceramics.

Monitoring the Stability of Artificial Prosthesis Performance for Hip Replacement

The hip replacement is beneficial to relieve joint pain and misfunction. We previously designed the model to monitor the stability of the artificial prosthesis during the surgery based on the resonance frequency (RF), which is a non-invasive and sensitive technique. In this study, we further applied the techniques to monitor its use in hip replacement and compared the effect in individuals. Our data have showed that resonance frequency is very promising for the analysis of stability of artificial prosthesis in hip replacement, and the performance of the technique is also promising for the translational studies in the clinic.

Surgical Site Infection after Breast Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis of 5-Year Postoperative Data from a Single Center in Poland

Background and Objectives: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant complication of non-reconstructive and reconstructive breast surgery. This study aimed to assess SSI after breast surgery over five years in a single center in Poland. The microorganisms responsible for SSI and their antibiotic susceptibilities were determined. Materials and Methods: Data from 2129 patients acquired over five years postoperatively by the Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk in Poland were analyzed. Results: SSI was diagnosed in 132 patients (6.2%) and was an early infection in most cases (65.2%). The incidence of SSI was highest in patients who underwent subcutaneous amputation with simultaneous reconstruction using an artificial prosthesis (14.6%), and breast reconstruction via the transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap method (14.3%). Gram-positive bacteria were responsible for SSI in most cases (72.1%), and these were mainly Staphylococcus strains (53.6%). These strains were 100% susceptible to all beta-lactam antibiotics (except penicillin) but were less susceptible to macrolides and lincosamides. Conclusions: SSI is a serious problem, and attention should be focused on its prevention. Reconstruction using an artificial prosthesis or via the TRAM flap method is connected to increased SSI incidence. Further studies are required to prevent SSI following breast surgery.

Surgical Site Infection after Breast Surgery: Retrospective Analysis of 5-year Postoperative Data from a Single Center in Poland

Purpose: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant complication of non-reconstructive and reconstructive breast. This study aimed to assess SSI after breast surgery over 5 years in a single center in Poland. The microorganisms responsible for SSI and their antibiotic susceptibility were determined. Materials/methods: Data of 2129 patients acquired over 5 years postoperatively by the [center] were analyzed. Results: SSI was diagnosed in 132 patients (6.2%) and was an early infection in most cases (65.2%). The incidence of SSI was highest in patients who underwent subcutaneous amputation with simultaneous reconstruction using an artificial prosthesis (14.6%) and breast reconstruction via the TRAM flap method (14.3%). Gram-positive bacteria were responsible for SSI in most cases (72.1%), and these were mainly Staphylococcus strains (53.6%). These strains were 100% susceptible to all beta-lactam antibiotics (except penicillin), but were less susceptible to macrolides and lincosamides. Conclusions: SSI is a serious problem, and attention should be focused on its prevention. Reconstruction using an artificial prosthesis or via the TRAM flap method is connected to increased SSI incidence. Further studies are required to prevent SSI following breast surgery.

Oral malignant melanoma of alveolar ridge

Malignancy of melanocytes, a pigment-producing cell, is referred as malignant melanoma (MM) which occur basically on skin and oral mucous membrane, but as well found in ears, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and genital mucosa. Oral melanomas has propensity to metastasise and invade more voluntarily than other malignant counterparts. Here we present a case of 52-year-old male patient with a chief symptom of blackening of gums in the upper front tooth region. In dental history, the patient revealed history of faulty artificial prosthesis fixed in the same region since 6 months. On the basis of a through clinical assessment, a provisional opinion of oral malignant melanoma, was prepared. On histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis with S-100 and homatropine methylbromide 45 the diagnosis of MM was confirmed.

Modeling and experimental studies of capacitive pressure sensors with microstructured dielectric layers

Electronic skin (e-skin) has shown great application prospects in many fields due to its multiple advantages. Previous studies have illustrated that the structure with a dielectric layer sandwiched between two electrodes had good pressure-sensing abilities, and microstructures in the dielectric layer could improve the sensitivity. In this paper, we proposed mechanical models of e-skin sensing unit with different microstructures (flat, trapezoidal, half-cylinder, and pyramids) in the dielectric layer. Then, we performed finite element method simulations and experiments to validate the model. Finally, we demonstrated its application as the pressure-sensing unit for human hands, showing its great potentials in sensors of artificial prosthesis or soft robots in the future.

Platelet-rich plasma to rescue an ulcerated orbital dermal fat graft

Introduction: Central graft ulceration is a rare complication of an orbital dermal fat graft caused by diminished blood supply to the implant. This study reports on the efficacy and safety of the use of a single subconjunctival injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma to rescue an ulcerated orbital dermal fat graft. Methods: Three patients, who had undergone autologous dermal fat graft to treat their anophthalmic socket, were given a 2-mL subconjunctival platelet-rich plasma injection in the exposed graft margins. Demographic and clinical features, treatment protocol, clinical course, complications and follow-up time are reported. In the preoperative examination, all the patients presented a primary epithelial defect of the dermal fat graft. Results: There were no major complications such as necrosis or infection. One patient presented a small conjunctival granuloma at 1-month follow up. Mean postoperative follow-up duration was 13 (range: 10–16) months. By 1 month, the chronic epithelial defect had resolved with the graft integrated within the orbital tissues in all cases. All patients were referred for artificial prosthesis placement. Conclusion: Although further work is needed, our findings suggest that a single subconjunctival platelet-rich plasma injection could be an effective, safe and economic alternative to surgery to rescue an ulcerated orbital dermal fat graft.

STUDY ON VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS AND TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE OF ROUND WINDOW MEMBRANE UNDER INVERSE EXCITATION

According to the vibration characteristics of the round window membrane, a mechanical model that contains round window membrane and the soft tissue is established. The Euler equation of the whole of round window membrane and the soft tissue and the complementary boundary conditions are derived by the variational principle. Combined with the Bessel function, the analytical solution of the total displacement of round window membrane and the soft tissue is obtained by using Mathematica. The results are in good agreement with experimental data, which confirms the validity of the analytical solution of the model. At the same time, the effect of different thicknesses and different elastic modulus of soft tissue on the total displacement of round window membrane and soft tissue is studied by analytical method. The results show that with the thickening of the soft tissue, the total displacement of round window membrane and the soft tissue decreased gradually. However, with the decrease of elastic modulus of the soft tissue, the total displacement of round window membrane and the soft tissue increased gradually. Furthermore, the relationship between thickness and elastic modulus of the soft tissue and the corresponding range selection is achieved, which can evaluate the transmission performance of round window membrane efficiently and provide theoretical basis for the reverse excitation of artificial prosthesis.