nernst theorem
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2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 2040010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Korikov ◽  
V. M. Mostepanenko

We find the low-temperature behavior of the Casimir-Polder free energy for a polarizable and magnetizable atom interacting with a plate made of ferromagnetic dielectric material. It is shown that the corresponding Casimir-Polder entropy goes to zero with vanishing temperature, i.e., the Nernst heat theorem is satisfied, if the dc conductivity of the plate material is disregarded in calculations. If the dc conductivity is taken into account, the Nernst theorem is violated. These results are discussed in light of recent experiments.



Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Feistel

In conventional textbook thermodynamics, entropy is a quantity that may be calculated by different methods, for example experimentally from heat capacities (following Clausius) or statistically from numbers of microscopic quantum states (following Boltzmann and Planck). It had turned out that these methods do not necessarily provide mutually consistent results, and for equilibrium systems their difference was explained by introducing a residual zero-point entropy (following Pauling), apparently violating the Nernst theorem. At finite temperatures, associated statistical entropies which count microstates that do not contribute to a body’s heat capacity, differ systematically from Clausius entropy, and are of particular relevance as measures for metastable, frozen-in non-equilibrium structures and for symbolic information processing (following Shannon). In this paper, it is suggested to consider Clausius, Boltzmann, Pauling and Shannon entropies as distinct, though related, physical quantities with different key properties, in order to avoid confusion by loosely speaking about just “entropy” while actually referring to different kinds of it. For instance, zero-point entropy exclusively belongs to Boltzmann rather than Clausius entropy, while the Nernst theorem holds rigorously for Clausius rather than Boltzmann entropy. The discussion of those terms is underpinned by a brief historical review of the emergence of corresponding fundamental thermodynamic concepts.





2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2328-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. HENKEL ◽  
F. INTRAVAIA

We give a re-interpretation of an 'entropy defect' in the electromagnetic Casimir effect. The electron gas in a perfect crystal is an electromagnetically disordered system whose entropy contains a finite Casimir-like contribution. The Nernst theorem (third law of thermodynamics) is not applicable.



2009 ◽  
Vol 325 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxu Zhai ◽  
Wenbiao Liu


2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 921-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Dedkov ◽  
A. A. Kyasov


2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Klimchitskaya ◽  
V. M. Mostepanenko


2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan S. Høye ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
Simen A. Ellingsen ◽  
Jan B. Aarseth


2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan S. Høye ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
Simen A. Ellingsen ◽  
Jan B. Aarseth


2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Zhang Li-Chun ◽  
Zhao Ren
Keyword(s):  


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