Genetic and Morphological Variability among the Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis causing Wilt of Lentil

Background: Lentil wilt is one of the most important diseases of lentil directly contributing to the yield losses of the crop. It is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis which shows the great genetic and morphological diversity. Methods: Present investigation was conducted during 2017-2019 with 22 isolates of the pathogen, collected from lentil grown areas of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to explore genetic and morphological variability employing eight ISSR and five SSR primers. Result: The isolates showed huge morphological variability based on the color, pigmentation and shape of conidia. Study on molecular variability revealed the versatility in the genome of different isolates of pathogen. The diversity among the isolates of pathogens collected from Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh was also evident. Generated work on genetic and morphological variability and the population diversity among the different isolates of the pathogen impact on developing ideal disease management strategies.

Non-Conventional Deformations: Materials and Actuation

This paper reviews materials and structures displaying non-conventional deformations as a response to different actuations (e.g., electricity, heat and mechanical loading). Due to the various kinds of actuation and targeted irregular deformation modes, the approaches in the literature show great diversity. Methods are systematized and tabulated based on the nature of actuation. Electrically and mechanically actuated shape changing concepts are discussed individually for their significance, while systems actuated by heat, pressure, light and chemicals are condensed in a shared section presenting examples and main research trends. Besides scientific research results, this paper features examples of real-world applicability of shape changing materials, highlighting their industrial value.

Ukraińska mniejszość narodowa w Telewizji Polskiej. Analiza programów dla ukraińskiej mniejszości przed, podczas i po Euro¬majdanie na Ukrainie

This article is an attempt to assess the quality of television programs targeted to Ukrainiannational minority in Poland. Public media in Poland have an obligation of broadcasting programs for the minorities in their languages, which is imposed by the law on broadcasting. For the Ukrainian minority the Polish public television broadcasts three programs: „Przegląd ukraiński”, „Ukraińskie wieści” oraz „Telenowyny”. In this article the most important quality issues of these programs, such as duration of programs, subject diversity, methods of translation, technical aspects as well as the way of showing the civil unrest in Ukraine known as Euromaidan, are presented. An analysis was conducted within the timespan before, during and after the wave of demonstrations in Ukraine (from 21 July 2013 to 22 June 2014).

Keanekaragaman Serangga Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Lahan Pertanaman Kedelai di Kecamatan Balong-Ponorogo

The study aims to determine the presence of pests and natural enemies on soybean plants and to study the effect of insecticides on the diversity. Methods for observation of insects was done by using different type of traps i.e. yellow pan trap, pitfall trap, light trap, sweeping net and direct observation (visual). The presence of pests and natural enemies of soybean plants on plots without insecticide was lower than on the plots that was treated with insecticide. Composition of the population of pests found in soybean plots that were not treated with insecticide were dominated by Aphis sp. followed by Phaedonia inclusa, Riptortus linearis, Nezara viridula and Ophiomyia phaseoli. Composition of the population of natural enemies (predators) found in soybean cropps that were not treated with insecticide was family Coccinellidae followed by Syrphidae, Chrysopidae, Mantidae and Oxyopidae. The highest composition of natural enemies (parasites) found in treated and untreated soybean plots were family Braconidae then followed by family Ichneumonidae.