AUTOMATED RESISTANCE TESTER OF ELECTRONIC MEANS TO ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE

Рассмотрены основные подходы проверки функциональности электронных средств при воздействии электростатического разряда, а также представлены основные этапы разработки автоматизированного тестера устойчивости электронных средств к электростатическому разряду. Электростатический разряд является одним из основных факторов, способствующих снижению надежности и производительности электронных устройств. Предложен подход к повышению качества разработки электронных изделий на основе автоматизированного устройства для тестирования электронных средств на устойчивость к электростатическим разрядам. Представлена концептуальная структура программно-аппаратного комплекса для оценки влияния электростатического разряда на электронные средства. В конструкции испытательного генератора предусмотрены защитные механизмы, предотвращающие создание непреднамеренных излучаемых или кондуктивных электромагнитных помех импульсного или непрерывного характера для исключения паразитных эффектов, способных оказать влияние на испытуемое или вспомогательное оборудование. Целью исследования, в рамках которого происходила разработка тестирующего устройства, является повышение надежности функционирования электронных средств и приборов при воздействии на них электростатических разрядов. Благодаря предлагаемому подходу становится возможным обеспечить эффективность тестирования конструкций электронных средств на устойчивость к электростатическому разряду на основе комплексных методов оптимального проектирования с учетом обеспечения требований международных стандартов The article discusses the main approaches to checking the functionality of electronic devices when exposed to electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a major contributor to the reliability and performance of electronic devices. This paper proposes an approach to improving the quality of development of electronic products based on an automated device for testing electronic devices for resistance to electrostatic discharges. We present the conceptual structure of a software and hardware complex for assessing the effect of electrostatic discharge on electronic means. The test generator is designed with protective mechanisms to prevent the creation of unintentional radiated or conducted electromagnetic interference of a pulsed or continuous nature to eliminate parasitic effects that could affect the tested or auxiliary equipment. The purpose of the study, within the framework of which the development of the testing device took place, is to increase the reliability of the functioning of electronic devices and devices when exposed to electrostatic discharges. Thanks to the proposed approach, it becomes possible to ensure the effectiveness of testing the structures of electronic devices for resistance to electrostatic discharge on the basis of complex methods of optimal design, taking into account the requirements of international standards

Assessment of the resistance of technical means of space systems and complexes to the effects of electrostatic discharges

In order to further improve the methods of protecting the onboard spacecraft equipment from the effects ofelectrostatic discharges, based on a comprehensive study of the problem of the occurrence of electrostatic discharges, theauthors carried out the studies described in this article to analyze the functioning of the onboard spacecraft equipment under the influence of electrostatic discharges. In the course of the research, the methodology for assessing the resistance ofthe onboard equipment of the spacecraft to the effects of electrostatic discharges was refined, based on the generalization of the calculation and analytical work. The analysis of the resistance of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft was carried out taking into account the main mechanisms of the effect of electrostatic discharges on the onboard space network. Taking into account the need to assess the resistance of the onboard space network equipment to electrostatic discharges outside real operating conditions, the authors assess the resistance of the onboard space network equipment on the basis of mathematical and physical modeling. Asaresult of the study, an algorithm was developed for assessing the resistance of the onboard equipment of a spacecraft to the effects of electrostatic discharges, which is described in detail in this article.

An Innovative Method for Testing Electronic Detonating Caps Regarding Sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharges

The paper present the issue of explosion risk assessment presented by the risk of accidental initiation of electrical detonating caps and pyrotechnic articles. The purpose of the explosion risk assessment is to establish appropriate protection measures to prevent or limit them.

Simulation of Radiation Charging of Microelectronic Equipment Cases for Space Applications

A model and a method for mathematical modeling of radiation charging of polymer microelectronic equipment housings with increased conductivity are developed, which are based on the application of the approximation function of the experimental dependence of the housing conductivity on the irradiation time obtained using parametric identification methods. The research results are aimed at developing composite polymer materials for microelectronic equipment housings with a conductivity that ensures the absence of electrostatic discharges and significantly increases the active life of spacecraft.

Electric-Contact Tilt Sensors: A Review

A review of various kinds of solid tilts sensors, using a free mechanical member for generation of electric-contact (mostly a ball), is presented. Standard and original solutions are discussed. The latest patents are described. A classification of the existing solutions with respect to their sensing principle is proposed. Possible types of the electric/electronic circuits are discussed. Advantages of these sensors are emphasized: mainly optional operation without power supply, resistance to electrostatic discharges, and simplicity of signal processing. Technological details are briefly introduced, along with miniaturization prospects. Additionally, liquid tilt sensors are succinctly characterized. The most typical tilt sensing techniques are concisely compared.

Aspects of laboratory tests for the determination of the minimum ignition energy of the fuel / dust mixture

During the technological processes of processing, production, handling and storage of combustible dusts, complex explosive mixtures may occur, the characteristics of which, in most cases, cannot be assimilated with the existing data in the specialized literature. If these combustible dusts are mixed with air in appropriate proportions and are initiated by an efficient source of ignition, they can burn rapidly and with considerable explosive force. One of the most common sources of ignition of potentially explosive atmospheres generated by the dust / air mixture is static electricity, materialized by electrostatic discharges. In order to assess the risk of ignition of an explosive mixture of air / dust, it is necessary to know the sensitivity of the explosive atmosphere to ignition, ie the value of the minimum ignition energy of the explosive mixture, which is then compared with the energy resulting from an electrostatic discharge. The paper presents a comparative analysis regarding the methods of determining the minimum ignition energy for air / fuel dust mixtures, using different devices, on the same type of dust.

Influence of radiation-stimulated discharges on the contamination of cover glasses of solar batteries of spacecraft

The results of an AFM study of changes in the surface structure of K-208 and CMG cover glasses after electron irradiation and exposure to molecular fluxes are presented. It is shown that contamination of glass surfaces irradiated with electrons at flux densities (φ) from 1010 to 8·1010 cm–2 s–1 occurs during electrostatic discharges accompanied by the release of plasmoids into the surrounding space, the particles of which are deposited on the glass. It has been experimentally established that the effect of preliminary irradiation of glass on the deposition of molecular flow components is most effective immediately after irradiation and decreases with time. This is due to the drainage of the charge injected into the glass and a decrease in the initially high reactivity of the substances in the discharge channels. It was also shown that the combined effect of electrons and molecular flux on glasses significantly increased the discharge frequency at a given value of φ and, as a result, led to an increase in the number of discharge channels on the sample surfaces. In this case, over time, the process of accumulation of molecular flow components begins to dominate the cleaning of the glass surface due to electron-stimulated desorption and mechanical desorption under the action of shock waves accompanying the discharges. To interpret the experimental results, a mathematical model of the deposition of molecular flow components on glass is proposed.

PLACE OF PROTECTION SYSTEM AGAINST LIGHTNING AND STATIC ELECTRICITY IN FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AT PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Purpose. The authors of the article draw attention to the explicit lack of such probable sources of combustible medium ignition as static electricity discharges, a direct lightning strike, as well as the impact of secondary factors of lightning (electrostatic and electromagnetic induction) in the Methodology for determining the estimated fire risk values at production facilities of. Methods. Statistical analysis methods: data assembling and grouping statistical observation materials; sampling; correlation and regression analysis, etc. have been used in the study. Findings. The article considers the established practice of determining the fire risk values and contradictions have been found between the Methodology for determining fire risk values at production facilities and the Technical regulations on safety of buildings and structures. The statistics analysis of fires caused by lightning and electrostatic discharges and the experience of other countries have made it possible to conclude that an additional coefficient should be introduced when calculating fire or explosion probability from the degree of compliance with lightning protection requirements. The authors draw attention to the problem of a risk-oriented approach – focus on the calculation result, which has an impact on ensuring fire safety. Research application field. It is advisable to include the results of the study in the scientific-research and development work of scientific-research organizations of EMERCOM of Russia and other ministries and departments. The materials can also be used when discussing the procedure for applying the risk-oriented approach to the control and supervisory activities in the Russian Federation. Conclusions. Failure of taking into account the state of protection against lightning and static electricity when calculating the fire risk of the facility reduces the reliability of the assessment for participants in the fire safety provision system.

A modern digital High Frequency Receiver to explore Uranus and Neptune radio emitters

<div class="">Among the known planetary magnetospheres, those of Uranus and Neptune display very similar radio environments so that they have early been referred to as ‘radio twins’. They produce a variety of electromagnetic radio waves ranging from ~0 to a few tens of MHz similar to - although more complex than - those of Saturn or the Earth (Desch et al., 1991, Zarka et al., 1995). These include the well known Uranian/Neptunian Kilometric Radiations (UKR/NKR) below 1MHz or the Uranian/Neptunian Electrostatic Discharges (UED/NED) beyond, which remain only known from Voyager 2 radio observations. Here, we present a modern concept of digital High Frequency Receiver (HFR) within the frame of a general Radio and Plasma Wave (RPW) experiment retained in various mission concepts toward Uranus and Neptune (e.g. Hess et al., 2010 ; Arridge et al., 2011, 2013, 2014 Christophe et al., 2011; Masters et al., 2013; Hofstadter at al., 2019). The presented HFR concept, based on the heritage of Cassini/RPWS/HFR, Bepi-Clompobo/PWI/Sorbet, Solar Orbiter/RPW and JUICE/RPWI/JENRAGE is aimed at providing a light, robust, low-consumption versatile instrument capable of goniopolarimetric and waveform measurements from a few kHz to ~20MHz, devoted to the study of auroral and atmospheric radio and plasma waves or dust impacts.</div>