The Battlefield as Enlightened Space: War, the Senses, and the Emotional Soldier, ca. 1790–1840

The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars produced a new generation of military authors and artists who recounted their wartime experiences with unprecedented vividness and immediacy. Exploring the intense conflict and suffering of men at war while also underscoring their virtue and heroism, this work typifies what has come to be known as “military Enlightenment.” This essay examines a selection of military texts and images that represent soldiers’ sensory and emotional experience of the wartime spaces of battlefield and bivouac: the anonymous Journal Kept in the British Army (1796), L. T. Jones's Historical Journal of the British Campaign on the Continent (1797), the work of the army officer and historian William Napier (1785–1860), and the Waterloo images of the army officer and painter George “Waterloo” Jones (1786–1869) presented the wider British public with a complex understanding of war. Even as they represented battlefield violence and death with visceral intensity, they understood battlefield space itself to be grounded in affective practices associated with enlightened modes of virtue, sensibility, and civility. There the chaos and horror of conflict gave way to duty, order, civility, and community, and the distinctions of rank were maintained, even as the common humanity of officers and their men was affirmed.

TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE STOLYPIN REFORMS AND LIVING STANDARDS IN RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY

The article is devoted to the discussion on living standards in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in the context of the P. A. Stolypin reform. This discussion has been ongoing for ten years ago and divided historians into two groups, “optimists” and “pessimists”. The “pessimists” adhered to the traditional position of pre-revolutionary economists (and Soviet historiography) about the “impoverishment” of the peasantry in the central regions of Russia. The “optimists” (both Western and Russian) defended the thesis of raising the peasants’ living standards. The most famous representatives of the “optimistic” school in Russia are B. N. Mironov and M. A. Davydov. The article analyzes the evolution of M. A. Davydov’s position, which can be judged by his latest article in “Ural Historical Journal”. If previously Davydov avoided mentioning the “agrarian crisis” in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, now he recognizes the existence of a “crisis of agrarian overpopulation” and considers the Stolypin reform as an attempt to mitigate this crisis. Davydov claims that this attempt was successful and the crisis was mitigated thanks to the “agrotechnological revolution”. However, the author of the article shows that in reality, the increase in crop yields was not associated with the Stolypin reform. The greatest increase in productivity was noted not in those provinces where the reform was carried out most intensively.

Utilization of Internet-Based History Learning Media in 21st Century Universities

In the current postmodern era, the internet has transformed into a cutting-edge weapon in various sectors, ranging from industry, art, economy and others. The internet has always played a vital role in maximizing these various sectors. However, what is the real reality in the world of education? Has the internet been fully utilized? Departing from these worries, this research aims to reveal the real reality of the use of the internet at the tertiary level, especially as a medium for learning history. This research itself uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and document analysis. The interview form used is open and leads to depth of information and is not formal / structured. The goal is to explore the information that is researched further, complete, and in depth. Data analysis in the study took place simultaneously with the data collection process. Among them through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that in 21st century learning, the internet has an important role if teachers can maximize its use, because with the internet students are able to dig deeper into existing information, especially now that there are so many historical journal portals that are opened online and accessed for free. Furthermore, the use of the internet can also be applied in a learning system, for example by using blended learning

Comprehending the Past: Soviet Visions, Post-Soviet Revisions and Modern Concepts in "Ukrainian Historical Journal" (1957— 2017)

Th is book elucidates complex and long process of the "Ukrainian Historical Journal" transformation from the republican professional publication, founded in 1957 in the Ukrainian SSR, to a modern journal of Ukrainian historians. Esseys and materials connected with the journal's history are published consisting of two main segments: 1) materials covering the history of Ukraine in the Soviet and post-Soviet times; 2) esseys with analytical interpretation of journal's publications and its changes with regards to the defi nite problems, topics, periods and epochs of the history of Ukraine, in particular, history of the Middle Ages and early modern history, history of the XIXth — the early XXth centuries, the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, inter-war and post-war history of Soviet Ukrsine, Ukrainian dimension of the history of World War II, and also studying the problems of the world history in the journal's publications, etc.