THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VISCERALES LYMPH NODES IN THE HUMAN OF OLD AGE

The problem of age-related involution of the structures of the immune system is now becoming more and more urgent. The aim of this study is the structural and functional characteristics of the visceral lymph nodes of an elderly person. Using immune morphological methods, the structure and cellular composition of the subcarinal and mesenteric lymph nodes of an elderly person were studied. A pronounced development of fibrous connective tissue is shown, which leads to fragmentation of the parenchyma of the nodes and a reduction in the area of the cortex. In the cortex, small lymphoid nodules and a narrow para-cortical zone are revealed. In lymphoid nodules, the absence of light centers with dividing and poorly differentiated lymphocytes and a high concentration of mature CD20 B-lymphocytes are noted. In the para-cortical zone, CD4 T-helpers are not detected. In all structural components of the lymph node, Ki67-positive cells are absent, which indicates the extinction of lymphocyte-poietic function, which is due to the replacement of the reticular tissue of the microenvironment with fibrous connective tissue and the absence of CD4 T-lymphocytes, which regulate the reactions of cellular and humoral immunity. Destruction of the reticular stroma in the sinus system, which is a biological filter, leads to impaired lymph purification function.

Anatomical changes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under phosphorus deficiency stress

Phosphorus deficiency in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) resulted in the development of abundant long root hairs which were rudimentary in plants fed with phosphorus. Root and stem diameter as well as thickness of leaf reduced under phosphorus deficiency. The cortical zone of the stem and root was found to decrease under phosphorus deficiency. Vascular area became smaller with less number of xylem vessels and smaller size of the cavity due to phosphorus deficiency. The pith area was increased in the stem under phosphorus deficient condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22726 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 73-78, 2015 (March)

Postnatal development of layer IV in fronto-opercular region (Broca’s area)

In the adult human fronto-opercular cortex, the grade of granularity of cortical layer IV represents a major architectonic feature for distinguishing the opercular area BA44 (which is typically described as being magnopyramidal and intermedio-granular) from the triangular area BA45 (which is typically described as being magnopyramidal and granular). We analyzed postnatal cytoarchitectonic development of internal granular layer (layer IV) of the fronto-opercular region in 23 brains of newborns, infants and children (age range: 15 days to 15 years) and in one adult brain. We found that: (1) the grade of granularity of layer IV in the fronto-opercular cortex displays a great interindividual variability throughout development as well as in the adult brain; (2) this variability is much more pronounced in the opercular area BA44 than in the triangular area BA45. Our findings support the classical interpretation provided by Constantin von Economo (von Economo & Koskinas, 1925) according to which BA44/FCBm represents a specialized variant of the wide premotor cortical zone, while BA45/FDG represents a specialized variant of the typical (associative) frontal granular cortex.

Variability of acorn anatomical characteristics in Quercus robur L. genotypes

The aim of this study was to examine variability of acorn anatomical characteristics in seventeen Quercus robur L. genotypes. Acorns were collected in clonal seed orchard Banov Brod (Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia). Microscopic measurements were done for pericarp (total thickness, thickness of exocarp and mesocarp), seed coat (total thickness, thickness of outer epidermis, parenchyma, and inner epidermis), and embryo axis (diameter, thickness of cortical region, and diameter of stellar zone). Obtained results revealed certain divergence between genotypes. The thickness of pericarp varied from 418 to 559 mm (genotypes 20 and 22, respectively). On average, the participation of exocarp in the total thickness of pericarp was 36.3%, of mesocarp 61.0%, while of endocarp 2.6%. The thickness of seed coat for individual genotypes ranged from 71 mm (genotype 28) to 157 mm (genotype 38). In addition, anatomic parameters of embryo axis varied among studied genotypes. The lowest cortical zone thickness and stellar zone diameter were measured in genotype 40, while the highest values in genotype 33.

Analysis of Texture Applied to Renal Echography

International audience Renal echography remains the least expensive means for the exploration of the kidney. The system that we propose is a contribution for the diagnostic automatic of the kidney on ultrasound image. The analysis of texture is a technique which proved reliable in the field of the characterization of the human organs on ultrasound images. Indeed, our contribution aims at the characterization of the images of echographic textures of the kidney. This characterization is, in a first level, structural to evaluate the presence (form and position) of the various components of the kidney (clusters, medullary cortical zone). The statistical analysis of texture constitutes our second approach by carrying out virtual punctures on the kidney in order to be able to evaluate its state by quantifying the texture of the various areas characteristic of the kidney . L'échographie rénale reste le moyen le moins coûteux pour l'exploration du rein. Le système que nous proposons est une contribution à l'amélioration du diagnostic automatique du rein par l'analyse de texture, une technique qui a fait ses preuves dans le domaine de la caractérisation des organes humains sur des images ultrasoniques. Dans un premier temps, la caractérisation structurelle des images de texture échographique du rein permettra de visualiser (forme et position) les différentes composantes du rein (glomérules, médullaire, zone corticale). Elle sera complétée par l'analyse statistique de texture qui consistera à réaliser des ponctions virtuelles sur le rein pour en évaluer l'état général en quantifiant la texture des différentes régions caractéristiques