THE EXISTENCE OF BOJONGMENJE TEMPLE: THE COLLAPSE OF TARUMANEGARA KINGDOM AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SUNDA KINGDOM (VIII-X CENTURY)

Candi Bojongmenje merupakan salah satu artefak sejarah Jawa Barat. Publikasi seputar Candi Bojongmenje tidak banyak dibandingkan candi-candi lainnya di Pulau Jawa karena literatur yang membahas candi ini masih sedikit. Candi Bojongmenje ditemukan pada 2002 di Kampung Bojongmenje, Desa Cangkuang, Rancaekek, Kabupaten Bandung. Keberadaan candi ini diketahui sejak abad VIII M terkait erat dengan keruntuhan Kerajaan Tarumanegara dan berdirinya Kerajaan Sunda. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji eksistensi Candi Bojongmenje sejak abad VIII M pasca runtuhnya Kerajaan Tarumanegara pada abad VII M dan berdirinya Kerajaan Sunda Abad X M. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah, dimana penulis melakukan proses Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan menyajikan hasil penelitian dalam bentuk Historiografi. Hasil penelitian membuktikan, keberadaan Candi Batujaya sejak abad VII M menjadi bukti runtuhnya Kerajaan Tarumanegara pasca penyerbuan Jayasana dari Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan sempat eksisnya kebudayaan Budha di tanah Sunda. Keberadaan Candi Bojongmenje sejak abad VIII M menjadi bukti masih eksisnya kebudayaan Tarumanegara di daerah pedalaman pasca penyerbuan Sriwijaya yang menjadi cikal bakal berdirinya Kerajaan Sunda pada abad X M. Bojongmenje Temple is one of the artefacts of west Java history. The publication of Bojongmenje Temple is not much compared to other temples in Java Island because the literature that discusses this temple is still small. Bojongmenje Temple was found in 2002 in Kampung Bojongmenje Cangkuang Village, Rancaekek, Bandung Regency. The existence of this temple is closely related to the collapse of tarumanegara kingdom in the VIIth century AD and the establishment of sunda kingdom in the X century M. The purpose of this research is to examine the cause of the construction of Bojongmenje Temple in the 8th century AD after the collapse of tarumanegara kingdom in the VII century AD and then the establishment of sunda kingdom in century X M. This research uses historical methods, where the author conducts heuristic process, criticism, interpretation and presents the results of this study in the form of Historiography. The results prove, the existence of Batujaya Temple in the 7th century AD became the cause of the collapse of tarumanegara kingdom after the invasion of Jayasana from Srivijaya Kingdom and the existence of Buddhist culture in sundanese land. Keberadaan Bojongmenje Temple in the 8th century AD became evidence of the existence of Tarumanegara culture in the hinterland after the invasion of Srivijaya which became the forerunner of the establishment of the Sunda Kingdom in the X century AD.

Lurching Towards a Canon: Mahāyāna Sūtras in Khotanese Garb

The concept of canon centers around authority. Assertions about canonicity both reflect and reshape the structure and the source of authority. In a Buddhist context, processes of canonization are highly fluid and complex, shedding light on the socio-religious landscapes of different Buddhist cultures. The present essay explores the complexities of canonization by focusing on a specific Buddhist culture on the ancient Silk Routes, where Mahāyāna sūtras, a collection of Buddhist literature of disputed authenticity in India, were accepted as scriptural and canonized in a remarkable manner. Through the lens of an indigenous Buddhist poem, the author argues that the reception and canonization of Mahāyāna sūtras give illuminating clues about a pivotal transition in the history of this Buddhist kingdom named Khotan, where both the removal and the bestowal of authority took place.

Research on Lotus Pattern Logo Design on Digital Background - Taking Jiaoshan Buddhist Academy for Instance

Under the background of digital design and digital propagation, this article is writing to explore the application of lotus pattern in the logo design of Jiaoshan Buddhist Academy in Zhenjiang to realize the inheritance and innovation of Buddhist culture in the logo design of Buddhist Academy, and expand the cultural connotation of logo design for Buddhist Academy. By studying the characteristics and images of Buddhist lotus patterns, combined with the aesthetic and psychological needs of monks and believers, hereby to discusses the feasibility of applying lotus patterns in the logo design of Buddhist Academy.

The Early Stage of Buryat-Mongol Literature

The article examines the genesis of Buryat literature, which is key to the modern literary studies of Buryatia. Its aim is to recreate the history of Buryat literature and place it in the cultural and philosophical context of the history of Mongolian ethnos. It is well known that the genesis of Buryat literature owes to the literary work as well as to the theoretical and literary research of the first Buryat scholars and writers from among the Buddhist clergy. The search, introduction, and study of literary works written by Buryat authors in the 18 th — early 20 th centuries is one of the relevant research tasks that opens new perspectives for modern Buryat literary criticism and for humanities in general. The emergence and development of Buryat literature is closely connected with the spread of Buddhist culture, the Buddhist vision of the world, therefore it should be studied in the context of Buddhist aesthetic thought. The article pays special attention to the literary history of Mongolians that, since the 13 th century, has been developing in the context of multilateral literary ties and contacts. It examines the following typical genres: travelogue, hagiographic, hymn poetry, subhashita, and poem.

GENESIS AND MAIN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHISM IN THE BOHAI STATE

The genesis and initial development of Bohai Buddhism is due to several factors. Firstly, the beginning of Buddhism in the Bohai State was laid by the penetration and influence of the Buddhist culture of the Sui and Tang dynasties; the carriers of this trend could be the Mohe from Yingzhou, who were part of the conglomerate of the creators of the state. Secondly, the integration of Goguryeo Buddhism and its followers who inhabited the Tumen River basin played a significant role. Later, the Buddhist culture of the Tang Dynasty exerted an ever-increasing influence on the development of Bohai Buddhism. With the development of the political system, cities and transport links in the Bohai State, Buddhism gradually became the dominant religious ideology in worldview and culture. Bohai Buddhism received its vivid expression in the construction of temples and pagodas. The architecture and decoration of Bohai's Buddhist temples and pagodas reflected their strong resemblance to the Buddhist culture of the Tang Dynasty. After the defeat of the Bohai State by the Khitan and the creation of the Liao Empire, Bohai Buddhism did not quickly disappear, its remains can be traced in the culture of the Bohai people that survived after the fall of the state, especially in the beliefs of the Bohai aristocracy.

Konsep Raja Ideal pada Masa Sriwijaya Berdasarkan Bukti-Bukti Tertulis

The king in the Hindu-Buddhist era had such a big role for his people. The ideal king is needed by the people so that the country becomes prosperous. The concept of an ideal king has been known for a long time in the archipelago, even since before Hindu-Buddhist culture developed. In Java and Bali the ideal king is described in the Astabrata Concept. The concept of an ideal king in Srivijaya has never been discussed by researchers, even though Srivijaya was one of the ruling kingdoms in Indonesia during the early Hindu-Buddhist era. This study discusses about concept of the ideal king that developed in Srivijaya based on written data in the form of inscriptions scattered in several conquered Srivijaya areas. The concept of the ideal king of Srivijaya needs to be known to reconstruct how much acceptance of Hindu-Buddhist culture in Indonesia, especially during the Srivijaya era. In answering these problems, research was conducted with archeological methods, which consisted of data collection, analysis and interpretation. Based on this research, it can be seen that the concept of the ideal king of Srivijaya was much influenced by Buddhism, especially the Vajrayana school. The king in Srivijaya depicted as an excellent person, born as a man, diplomat and wealthy.

GIÁO DỤC PHẬT GIÁO VỚI TRỤC HUẾ – HÀ NỘI – SÀI GÒN

Buddhism and Vietnamese Buddhist culture, a part of national culture and Buddhist culture, are associated with Buddhist education and simultaneously attached to each region. The article presents the movement and formation of Buddhist education along the Hue – Hanoi – Saigon axis over time, creating unique Buddhist cultural features for each region. The author focuses on four main movement lines that make up Vietnamese Buddhist education in general and Hue Buddhist education in particular, including (1) Convergent movement: South → Hue ← North; (2) Parallel movement: Saigon → Hue → Hanoi; (3) Unilateral movement: Hue → Saigon; (4) Multidimensional movement: Saigon ↔ Hue ↔ Hanoi. In this movement, and as the geographic, political, and cultural center of the country for a long time, Hue received, filtered, and absorbed Buddhist culture from other regions to form a distinctive feature of Hue Buddhism and establish the Zen Lieu Quan school next to the Truc Lam Zen school by Buddha–King Tran Nhan Tong in the North.