Design of the env-su Gene Coding for Surface Unit Protein as a Vaccine Candidate for Jembrana Disease Virus in In Silico

Bali cattle are superior meat producers, but they are susceptible to Jembrana disease. The injection of the crude vaccine was considered ineffective, so the env-su gene was selected to express the Jembrana Surface Unit (JSU) protein as a candidate for the Jembrana vaccine. This study aimed to analyze the potential of the JSU protein as a candidate for the Jembrana vaccine and analyze the increase in the env-su gene expression which codon has been optimized in silico. Vaccine design was carried out through in silico including the selection of the SU protein sequences of the genus Lentivirus and sequence alignment of UniProt. The construction phylogeny tree of SU protein using MEGA-X program, optimization of env-su gene codon with preference codon Esherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 using Optimizer. The optimized env-su gene was inserted into the plasmid pET-21a (+) using GenScript. The result of sequence alignment showed that there is no SU protein that has a percent identity value of more than 30% with JSU protein. The SU JDV and BIV proteins are monophyletic groups and have a percent identity of 20.57%. Codon optimization showed an increase in CAI by 1,000 and GC 54.5%, and a decrease in ENc to 22 and AT 45.5%. EcoR1 and HindIII can recognize the gene target and MCS cut regions on the plasmid so that the env-su gene can be inserted into the pET-21a (+) plasmid. The JSU protein has the potential to be a candidate for the Jembrana vaccine, but it needs further research in vitro and in vivo.

La induced Si3 trimer bilayer on Si(111) surface

Using first-principles calculations, we identify a robust (√3 × √3)R30° reconstruction of Si3 trimer bilayer on Si(111) surface with a La coverage of 2/3 monolayer. In each surface unit cell,...

Skeleton Based Perpendicularly Scanning - A New Scanning Strategy for Additive Manufacturing: Modeling and Optimization

In this paper, the authors propose a novel strategy of 2D scanning that might be adapted for any additive manufacturing process. The featured novelty corresponds to a Skeleton Based Perpendicularly (SBP) of the 2D shape of each slice. Thus, it is proposed to minimize the total production time of a given layer under some constraints. In other word, it is proposed to study the competitiveness conditions of the new scanning technique regarding the classical chess scanning strategy from a productivity perspective. In order to introduce this new technique, the paper treats the case of a rectangular layer. The competitiveness of the proposed technique was discussed according to chess decomposition parameters, the hatch space distance, and the dimensions of the primitive rectangle layer to analyze. The indicators introduced corresponds to “the gain of production time” and “the specific gain of production time per surface unit”; then, these latter were computed and discussed in two separated cases of study. The findings show that, by the adoption of the SBP technique instead the chess scanning strategy, it is possible to save about 3% to 45% of production time gain for the first case of study. The gain of production time per surface unit was analyzed in the second case of study. The correspondent analysis permitted to highlight the percentage of gain of time related to the area to scan. Indeed, the gain per surface unit varies between 4.32×10-6%/mm2 and 6.96×10-05%/mm2. In one hand, these indicators depend linearly on the decomposition strategy of the central area of the SBP technique and also according to the rectangle dimensions. In addition, for the lowest values of hatch space, around 25µm, the two techniques in competition present quasi-similar production time, where the variations between them is minimal. Nevertheless, starting from 65µm, the SBP scanning strategy present considerable less time of production judged as exponentially decreasing according to the hatch space distance. Finally, one can see that the scanning model proposed could present major contributions in other scientific and technical fields that use surface control as territorial security, water adduction and distribution, telecommunication, etc. by varying and adapting the decision variables according to each field of study.

Tribological properties and metallurgical characteristics of different diffusion layers formed on steel

The article presents results of investigations of wear resistance by friction, employing the “3 cylinder-cone” method, of selected structural and tool steels, subjected to given thermo-chemical treatment, i.e. boriding, carburizing, nitriding, chromizing and titanizing. It was observed that a proportionality exists between their wear resistance and the value of surface unit loading. Moreover, the friction-wear properties of these layers exhibited certain differences, dependent on their microstructure and chemistry.

WEAR RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMO-CHEMICALLY TREATED STRUCTURAL STEELS

The article presents results of investigations of wear resistance by friction, employing the “3 cylinder – cone” method, of selected structural steels subjected to given thermo-chemical treatment, i.e. nitriding, carburizing, and precipitation hardening after nitriding. The investigated steels were C45, 21NiCrMo2, 18HGT, and 41Cr4. These materials, after thermo-chemical treatment undergo metallurgical characteristics of diffusion layers formed on steel. It was observed that proportionality exists between their wear resistance and the value of surface unit loading. Moreover, the friction – wear properties of these layers exhibited certain differences, depending on their microstructure and chemistry.