The Translation of Parallelism in Arabic Political Speeches between Loss and Compensation: A Comparative Study

Political discourse is characterized by stylistic and rhetorical features that distinguish it from other text genres. When a rhetorical feature such as parallelism is used frequently in Arabic political speeches, it becomes significant to highlight the fact that this recurrence of structure is deliberate. According to Islam &Cahyani (2020: 273): [T]he deliberate use of a word or phrase more than once in a sentence or a text to create a sense of pattern or form or to emphasize certain elements in the mind of the reader or listener […] can be utilized [as] a major rhetorical strategy for producing emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect. The objective of this study is to highlight the loss and the compensation of parallelism when translated from Arabic into English in political speeches at bottom-up level: word, sentence and chunk levels. This study shows that parallelism is used very frequently in Arabic political speeches, and it is very popular among Arab political speakers as a rhetorical device to achieve persuasion, assertion and emotional effect on its audience.

Resimde Duygu ve Gerilimin Çekiciliği Francis Bacon (1909-1992)

Francis Bacon was born in Dublin in 1909 to an English family. The artist rejected the literary field and perceived his painting directly as an act of expressionism. The period he lived in and the effect he had on it was reflected in his paintings as horrifying images emerged in them. The figures in his paintings were distorted, trapped in a strong motion, caught in a vortex or storm. The audience subjected to the emotional tension of the figures were subjected to intense emotions. The aim of this study, which was conducted by qualitative research method, is on Francis Bacon who, even though did not receive academic art education, managed to have a strong emotional effect on the audience with his expressionist art. Keywords: Francis Bacon, Figurative Painting, Expression in Painting, Motion and Art.

Zweifel, Skeptizismus und das Dilemma der Wahrheitsfindung in der höfischen Epik des Mittelalters

Doubt, Scepticism, and the Dilemma of Establishing the Truth in Middle High German Epic. An Outline of a Research Field The article reflects on the specific uses of doubt as a productive method of ascertaining truth in Middle High German Epic (12th to 14th centuries). Intra-tex­tual debates on the correct interpretation of alternative claims to truth and the presentation of opposing points of view trigger a cognitive and emotional effect of doubt which strongly resonates in metaphors, images and rhetorical figures. Additionally, doubt inspires poetic (and narrative) techniques, motifs and character types which extant research has failed to recognise as interconnected. The purpose of this article is to introduce a research field that is concerned with the analysis of courtly scepticism in secular traditions of literature.

The study on the role of dedicators on promoting cooperation in public goods game

In daily life, some people are always seen dedicating available resources to support collective activities. In this paper, we call these people who care group goals more than individual goals dedicators. Inspired by this phenomenon, we studied the role of dedicators on the evolution of cooperation in public goods game (PGG) based on a Chinese Folk Spring Festival Gala. Three types of agents were introduced into our PGG model including cooperators, defectors and dedicators. Dedicators tried to donate when the Gala was short of funds. Cooperators and defectors imitated the strategy of the highest-payoff neighbor based on the rational mechanism. And their imitating probability was modified on account of the emotional mechanism for positive effect of the dedicator’s donating behavior and negative effect of continuous poor performance. Through numerical simulations, we found that the existence of dedicators can indeed promote cooperation in PGG. It should be noted that dedicators’ willingness to donate was more important than their donation quantity in facilitating cooperation. And the stronger the emotional effect intensity of dedicators’ donating behavior was, the better. So, the selfless dedication of participants should be praised to promote cooperation by improving their emotional effect intensity. Last but not least, a reasonable activity budget was needed to sustain the highest level of cooperation.

The Affective Aspect of the “Poetics — Poetry — Translation” Paradigm

В статье с переводческой позиции рассматривается эмоциональный эффект, производимый короткими стихотворениями о Великой Отечественной войне. Предметом исследования является выразительность, понимаемая не как экспрессивность тропов, фигур речи или авторских окказионализмов, а как эффект воздействия на читателя, достигаемый всей совокупностью средств письменного художественного текста. Особое внимание уделяется неброским проявлениям выразительности, приобретающим смысл только в конкретном тексте. Исследуется взаимодействие и взаимозависимость лексических, синтаксических, фонетических и пунктуационных способов выразительности, их смысловой потенциал, пути достижения компрессии, а также способы передачи создаваемого впечатления в переводе. Авторы предлагают свое видение основной задачи поэтики в отношении поэтических произведений с присущей им компрессией, где любая самая мелкая единица текста, включая знаки пунктуации, участвует в создании тона, авторского голоса и производимого эмоционального впечатления. Исследование выполнено на материале четырех стихотворений отечественных классиков середины ХХ века — А. А. Ахматовой, А. Т. Твардовского, К. М. Симонова и А. А. Тарковского. Переводы стихотворений на английский язык сделаны авторами статьи. The paper examines, through the lenses of a translator, the emotional effect produced by short poems about the Great Patriotic war. The study focuses on the notion of expressiveness, but not the kind of expressiveness that catches the eye with original tropes and figures of speech or the author’s nonce-words. It is treated as the effect produced upon the reader by a whole array of descriptive and expressive means employed in written texts. The authors examine the interaction and interdependence of lexical, syntactical, and, especially, less conspicuous phonetic and punctuation means of meaning-making. It is stated that a compressed and unaffected manner of expression in poetry may have a far greater impact than an excessive use of tropes or most inventive nonce-words. The authors suggest their vision of poetics in reference to poetry, with its tendency for compression, where every component, however unobtrusive (like punctuation signs, for instance), participates in creating the right tone, in rendering the poet’s voice and producing the intended emotional impression. The research is based on four Russian poems written in the 1940’s–1970’s by Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Tvardovsky, Konstantin Simonov, and Arseny Tarkovsky. The translations belong to the authors of the paper.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTICSIC DETAIL AS A FACTOR OF PROSE POETICALNESS IN THE SGORT STORIES OF THE CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN AND CANADIAN WRITERS

The article considers the role and functions of artistic detail in the contemporary short stories. The investigation involved the flash fiction stories by the American writers written after the year 2020 and several short stories by the outstanding Canadian writer Alice Munro. The aim of the research is determining the major devices of prose poeticalness in these texts and revealing the role of artistic detail in creating poeticalness.Prose poeticalness is defined as such property of a prose text which involves the priority of poetic function and envisages the introduction of poetical features into prose – stylistic convergence, phonetical repetitions, parallelism, rhythm. Stylistic convergence can be considered the most foregrounded device of poeticalness as it involves the accumulation of different stylistic devices which add expressiveness to each other (M.Riffaterre). Our investigation shows that convergences function in strong positions of texts- the initial or final text fragments. Artistic detail is the object or some feature of the object which acquires special importance in the literary text (V.A.Kukharenko). Artistic detail is usually associated with metonymy or synecdoche, but unlike these tropes, it embraces the whole text. In the flash fiction stories and the short stories by A.Munro the major artistic details are objects like a coin (L.Wilson), a brooch (A.Munro), a glove (D.Shea) or a feature of appearance like a bruise (S.Dybek). These details characterize people’s behavior, their dreams and aspirations. Therefore, they symbolize love, friendship, sympathy and give polysemantic character to the narration. Another result of our investigation is determining the metaphoric detail (G.Paley) in the description of the woman, the mother of the defendant. Thus, the emotional effect of the artistic detail is realized in the metaphoric similes comparing the woman to the faded flower. These artistic details in combination with stylistic convergence create the impression of the texts as modern parables. The theoretical novelty of our research lies in the analysis of artistic details from the viewpoint of poeticalnees as well as in revealing the significance of emotional effect for prose poeticalness.The prospects of further research lie in the investigation of poeticalness in other genres of modern prose.

Preoccupation with results can be damaging for young coaches

Sports coaching research can portray an overly simplistic picture of the activity leading to young coaches being underprepared for intra-personal conflicts during coaching careers (Cushion, 2006; Jones, 2009; Potrac et al., 2016). This paper builds on work that shows coaching is emotionally challenging (Thelwell, 2017; Gowling, 2019). Autoethnography illustrates the first authors inner struggles with their perceived effectiveness while trying to prove their worth in the elite junior coaching context. There are four main findings (1) the performance narrative influences young coaches’ behaviour; (2) inability to assess one’s own effectiveness, without using player results as the sole criteria can have a negative emotional effect on coaches; (3) relational narratives are present in elite junior coaching; (4) provides governing bodies with opportunities to improve the preparation of young coaches for intra-personal challenges related to coaching.