scholarly journals The Affective Aspect of the “Poetics — Poetry — Translation” Paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Я.М. Колкер ◽  
Е.С. Устинова
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Poetry Translation ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anna Akhmatova

В статье с переводческой позиции рассматривается эмоциональный эффект, производимый короткими стихотворениями о Великой Отечественной войне. Предметом исследования является выразительность, понимаемая не как экспрессивность тропов, фигур речи или авторских окказионализмов, а как эффект воздействия на читателя, достигаемый всей совокупностью средств письменного художественного текста. Особое внимание уделяется неброским проявлениям выразительности, приобретающим смысл только в конкретном тексте. Исследуется взаимодействие и взаимозависимость лексических, синтаксических, фонетических и пунктуационных способов выразительности, их смысловой потенциал, пути достижения компрессии, а также способы передачи создаваемого впечатления в переводе. Авторы предлагают свое видение основной задачи поэтики в отношении поэтических произведений с присущей им компрессией, где любая самая мелкая единица текста, включая знаки пунктуации, участвует в создании тона, авторского голоса и производимого эмоционального впечатления. Исследование выполнено на материале четырех стихотворений отечественных классиков середины ХХ века — А. А. Ахматовой, А. Т. Твардовского, К. М. Симонова и А. А. Тарковского. Переводы стихотворений на английский язык сделаны авторами статьи. The paper examines, through the lenses of a translator, the emotional effect produced by short poems about the Great Patriotic war. The study focuses on the notion of expressiveness, but not the kind of expressiveness that catches the eye with original tropes and figures of speech or the author’s nonce-words. It is treated as the effect produced upon the reader by a whole array of descriptive and expressive means employed in written texts. The authors examine the interaction and interdependence of lexical, syntactical, and, especially, less conspicuous phonetic and punctuation means of meaning-making. It is stated that a compressed and unaffected manner of expression in poetry may have a far greater impact than an excessive use of tropes or most inventive nonce-words. The authors suggest their vision of poetics in reference to poetry, with its tendency for compression, where every component, however unobtrusive (like punctuation signs, for instance), participates in creating the right tone, in rendering the poet’s voice and producing the intended emotional impression. The research is based on four Russian poems written in the 1940’s–1970’s by Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Tvardovsky, Konstantin Simonov, and Arseny Tarkovsky. The translations belong to the authors of the paper.

News on the Right

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Fox News ◽  
National Review ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Right

This volume seeks to initiate a new interdisciplinary field of scholarly research focused on the study of right-wing media and conservative news. To date, the study of conservative or right-wing media has proceeded unevenly, cross-cutting several traditional disciplines and subfields, with little continuity or citational overlap. This book posits a new multifaceted object of analysis—conservative news cultures—designed to promote concerted interdisciplinary investigation into the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. With contributors from the fields of journalism studies, media and communication studies, cultural studies, history, political science, and sociology, the book models the capacious field it seeks to promote. Its contributors draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods—from archival analysis to regression analysis of survey data to rhetorical analysis—to elucidate case studies focused on conservative news cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. From the National Review to Fox News, from the National Rifle Association to Brexit, from media policy to liberal media bias, this book is designed as an introduction to right-wing media and an opening salvo in the interdisciplinary field of conservative news studies.

scholarly journals Speed Traps and the Right of Silence

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Kurzon
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
European Court ◽  
Statutory Requirement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Silence

In two English cases which reached the European Court of Human Rights in the mid-2000s, it was argued that the statutory requirement on the part of a motorist who has been caught speeding to give the police information concerning the identity of the driver of the car at the time of the offence is a violation of the right of silence by which a person should not be put into a position that s/he incriminates him/herself. The right of silence is one of the conventional interpretations of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. As well as a study on the right of silence with regard to written texts, this paper also investigates the two cases in terms of icons and indices: a text may be indexical of a basic human right, and then may become an icon of that right. The European Court of Human Rights considers the particular section of the relevant statute as an icon of the "regulatory regime".

Bihemispheric Language: How the Two Hemispheres Collaborate in the Processing of Language

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Right

Speech production in most people is strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere (LH), but language understanding is generally a bilateral activity. At every level of linguistic processing that has been investigated experimentally, the right hemisphere (RH) has been found to make characteristic contributions, from the processing of the affective aspects of intonation, through the appreciation of word connotations, the decoding of the meaning of metaphors and figures of speech, to the understanding of the overall coherency of verbal humour, paragraphs and short stories. If both hemispheres are indeed engaged in linguistic decoding and both processes are required to achieve a normal level of understanding, a central question concerns how the separate language functions on the left and right are integrated. This chapter reviews relevant studies on the hemispheric contributions to language processing and the role of interhemispheric communications in cognition.

scholarly journals A Developmental Step in the Right Direction: The Case for Concept-Based Instruction in the Omani ESP Classroom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Ahmed ◽  
Iryna Lenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sociocultural Theory ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
The Right

This article reports on the results of action research conducted in a university ESP classroom in Oman. The impetus for this research was the practitioner’s dissatisfaction with the current practice of introducing the grammatical concept of the English passive and its subsequent results. Framed within the sociocultural theory of cognitive development, this paper investigates the effectiveness of concept-based instruction (CBI). As a pedagogical approach, CBI targets a learner’s internalization of the concept of a language constituent that assists the learner with the meaning making abilities of sentences where the English passive is used. Twenty-two university students enrolled in an ESP course participated in the study. The data was collected through the teacher’s observations, students’ artifacts, and students’ feedback on the effectiveness of CBI. Data analysis reveals the effectiveness of CBI in heightening learner awareness of the concept of a language constituent, developing learner knowledge of the English passive, and improving their meaning-making abilities at the phrasal and sentential levels.

scholarly journals Pauses by Student and Professional Translators in Translation Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rusdi Noor Rosa ◽  
T. Silvana Sinar ◽  
Zubaidah Ibrahim-Bell ◽  
Eddy Setia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
National Park ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Translation as a process of meaning making activity requires a cognitive process one of which is realized in a pause, a temporary stop or a break indicating doing other than typing activities in a certain period of translation process. Scholars agree that pauses are an indicator of cognitive process without which there will never be any translation practices. Despite such agreement, pauses are debatable as well, either in terms of their length or in terms of the activities managed by a translator while taking pauses. This study, in particular, aims at finding out how student translators and professional translators managed the pauses in a translation process. This was a descriptive research taking two student translators and two professional translators as the participants who were asked to translate a text from English into bahasa Indonesia. The source text (ST) was a historical recount text entitled ‘Early History of Yellowstone National Park’ downloaded from http://www.nezperce.com/yelpark9.html composed of 230-word long from English into bahasa Indonesia. The data were collected using Translog protocols, think aloud protocols (TAPs) and screen recording. Based on the data analysis, it was found that student translators took the longest pauses in the drafting phase spent to solve the problems related to finding out the right equivalent for the ST words or terms and to solve the difficulties encountered in encoding their ST understanding in the TL; meanwhile, professional translators took the longest pauses in the pos-drafting phase spent to ensure whether their TT had been natural and whether their TT had corresponded to the prevailing grammatical rules of the TL. 

scholarly journals A Developmental Step in the Right Direction: The Case for Concept-Based Instruction in the Omani ESP Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Amer Ahmed ◽  
Iryna Lenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sociocultural Theory ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
The Right

This article reports on the results of action research conducted in a university ESP classroom in Oman. The impetus for this research was the practitioner’s dissatisfaction with the current practice of introducing the grammatical concept of the English passive and its subsequent results. Framed within the sociocultural theory of cognitive development, this paper investigates the effectiveness of concept-based instruction (CBI). As a pedagogical approach, CBI targets a learner’s internalization of the concept of a language constituent that assists the learner with the meaning making abilities of sentences where the English passive is used. Twenty-two university students enrolled in an ESP course participated in the study. The data was collected through the teacher’s observations, students’ artifacts, and students’ feedback on the effectiveness of CBI. Data analysis reveals the effectiveness of CBI in heightening learner awareness of the concept of a language constituent, developing learner knowledge of the English passive, and improving their meaning-making abilities at the phrasal and sentential levels.

Globally Minded Leaders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Heffron ◽  
Rosemary Papa
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Infinite Variety ◽  
The Right

The pressures—economic, political, and cultural—on educational leaders to think and act globally have perhaps never been greater than they are today. However, although it may go without saying that we live increasingly in a world of interdependent causation, of interconnectedness (and not simply between the local and the global, but between people and forces everywhere), this fact alone fails to fully explain the need for globally minded leaders in education. When so much of today’s interdependence tends to favor the strong over the weak on an essentially uneven playing field, a favorite complaint of critics on both the right and the left, the ways and means and ultimate purpose for producing such school leaders lie elsewhere, beyond today’s competitive stance. It lies in identifying and providing an unshakeable moral foundation for universal norms of social justice and equity; it lies in a revolutionary new approach to the knowledge base required of globally minded educational leaders, one that turns for guidance to humanistic thinkers around the world, past and present, the only test of their relevance being a philosophical one, not a psychological, an empirical, or a purely practical one; and it lies in embracing the multifaceted yet singularly cognizant of the human at heart. All this because the aim first and foremost is to develop thinkers, and then and only then practitioners. Practice follows from theory and theory from abstract, almost mathematical logic, a dialectical process of reasoning and argumentation. Globally minded school leaders distinguish themselves as masters of the lost art of argument, engaging actively in public dialogue and debate that seeks information, not some false standard of objectivity in the betterment of the human condition. Finally, the anthropological attitude that pursues processes of meaning making and value creation—not limited to an understanding of indigenous cultures, but extending to human and social relations in all their infinite variety—is the attitude of the globally minded leader. Such a one, in this sense of the term, is never finished, but in a perpetual state of becoming, a learning organization bound only by the self-imposed limits of his or her own curiosity and imagination. But the nature of one’s convictions is especially important here; it determines one’s actions, which in turn determine our value as human beings and as citizens of the earth, in linking commonalities of thought to actions that matter. Where do our convictions lie? This is the question globally minded educational leaders, in their challenges to sovereignty at home and abroad, are continually asking themselves on this journey with their learners.

What Makes Metaphors Manipulative Tools?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Jamet ◽  
Adeline Terry
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roe V Wade ◽  
Pro Life ◽  
Life Movement

Manipulation implies a conscious choice from speakers to trigger a change of opinion in the interlocutors and to make them accept their own point of view, i.e. their own vision of the world. As pointed out by Goatly [2007], Charteris-Black [2005, 2014] or Van Dijk [1998], metaphors can be used as manipulative tools. Metaphors have traditionally been considered as figures of speech used by rhetoricians to convince crowds; cognitivists have demonstrated that they are figures of thought as well, which partly accounts for their manipulative potential. The three underlying reasons to this are, among others, the highlighting-hiding process, the existence of asymmetrical metaphors, and the multivalency of metaphors. The manipulative potential of metaphors is examined in twelve speeches from pro-life supporters, ranging from 2006 to 2019. One of the main ideological debates going on in the US has been on abortion, as the pro-life movement has grown stronger in recent years and has been threatening the right to abortion guaranteed by Roe v. Wade. The study of the metaphors in those speeches has enabled us to highlight how pro-lifers manipulate people regarding the apprehension of reality by systematically using a limited number of conceptualizations.

Ideology in Disguise: Place Name Metonyms and the Discourse of Newspaper Headlines

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Lewin-Jones ◽  
Mike Webb
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Capitalist Ideology

‘Place metonyms’ are figures of speech which use place names as shortcuts, for example Whitehall to mean the British civil service, or Europe for the institutions of the European Union. The paper examines place metonyms in the headlines of two British newspapers, the Sun and the Guardian. Using evidence from a 12-month period in 2011–12, a headline-by-headline linguistic analysis is used to work out the denotations and wider connotations of each metonym. This critical discourse approach suggests that such place metonyms in headlines have three problematic effects: firstly they may conceal agency and responsibility within some public bodies, secondly for some social institutions, they give an exaggerated impression of unity and homogeneity, and finally for a further list of institutions, they offer relentless pejorative evaluative colouring. These effects are found not only in the right-of-centre Sun but also to some extent in the more progressive newspaper, the Guardian. The authors speculate that it may be difficult for readers of newspapers to think critically about place metonyms in headlines. In particular, place metonyms may subtly reinforce any impression that public institutions are fixed entities, not susceptible to challenge, and may facilitate the polarised value-judgments that are characteristic of ‘headlinese’. Such social constructions support some of the central tenets of neo-liberal, capitalist ideology, and so subtly add to the news media's distorting representations of public matters.

Rereading assent in critical literacy research with young children

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rogers ◽  
Meredith Labadie
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Critical Literacy ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Educative Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
Literacy Research

Literacy researchers often include young children in the research process. Yet discussions about the complexities of gaining and keeping assent are often missing in research reports. In this paper, we report on our attempts to make the assent process, a typical requirement for Institutional Review Boards, an educative experience for children in a critical literacy Kindergarten classroom. We asked: When assent is treated as a text to be read, revisited, interpreted and negotiated, what meanings are made by young children? We designed research lessons and collected artefacts of students’ learning, including interviews. Our analysis traced children’s developing recognition and critical analysis of concepts such as voluntary participation, understanding of procedures, confidentiality, benefits and risks of the study, and the right to ask questions. We found that when assent is treated as an educative process, particularly in the context of critical literacy education, young children learn and make meaning about their rights and responsibilities as participants. We present evidence of meaning-making, transfer and voluntariness of each ethical concept. Implications for literacy research with young children are discussed.

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