scholarly journals The Translation of Parallelism in Arabic Political Speeches between Loss and Compensation: A Comparative Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Rhetorical Features ◽  
The Mind

Political discourse is characterized by stylistic and rhetorical features that distinguish it from other text genres. When a rhetorical feature such as parallelism is used frequently in Arabic political speeches, it becomes significant to highlight the fact that this recurrence of structure is deliberate. According to Islam &Cahyani (2020: 273): [T]he deliberate use of a word or phrase more than once in a sentence or a text to create a sense of pattern or form or to emphasize certain elements in the mind of the reader or listener […] can be utilized [as] a major rhetorical strategy for producing emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect. The objective of this study is to highlight the loss and the compensation of parallelism when translated from Arabic into English in political speeches at bottom-up level: word, sentence and chunk levels. This study shows that parallelism is used very frequently in Arabic political speeches, and it is very popular among Arab political speakers as a rhetorical device to achieve persuasion, assertion and emotional effect on its audience.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Political Discourse Features in English and Arabic

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Asmaa Alduhaim
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

This article is devoted to examine political discourse, in particular features of political speeches in English and Arabic Language. Political speeches are often shaped in a specific cultural and social context, using various linguistic features to persuade the public of the speaker’s goals. The study has two aims: firstly, it intends to highlight the prominent features of political discourse in English and Arabic. For example, the use of metaphor and metonymy, pronouns, intertextuality, repetition, style and code-switching. In addition, the study examines the way these features were employed by the speakers. Secondly, the comparison across English and Arabic language establishes similarities and differences between the features of political discourse in English and Arabic, and understands to what extent are the features of political discourse universal and shared between languages, and to further examine in which ways they differ. Three main features were identified as shared between the two languages: pronouns, repetition, and intertextuality. Even though there were shared features, it emerges from the study that these features, as well as others, are employed differently based on the language convention and the culture it exists in.

scholarly journals Top-down causation and emergence: some comments on mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Causal Power ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Abstract Entities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Medical Healthcare

Both bottom-up and top-down causation occur in the hierarchy of structure and causation. A key feature is multiple realizability of higher level functions, and consequent existence of equivalence classes of lower level variables that correspond to the same higher level state. Five essentially different classes of top-down influence can be identified, and their existence demonstrated by many real-world examples. They are: algorithmic top-down causation; top-down causation via non-adaptive information control, top-down causation via adaptive selection, top-down causation via adaptive information control and intelligent top-down causation (the effect of the human mind on the physical world). Through the mind, abstract entities such as mathematical structures have causal power. The causal slack enabling top-down action to take place lies in the structuring of the system so as to attain higher level functions; in the way the nature of lower level elements is changed by context, and in micro-indeterminism combined with adaptive selection. Understanding top-down causation can have important effects on society. Two cases will be mentioned: medical/healthcare issues, and education—in particular, teaching reading and writing. In both cases, an ongoing battle between bottom-up and top-down approaches has important consequences for society.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Research Methods of Political Discourse

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Ya. Yu. Demkina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction. The article compares the methods of researching political discourse with special attention to linguistic methods, in particular, to discourse analysis and cognitive and rhetorical approaches. These methods are widely used to study political speeches, statements, texts. Increasingly, political discourse is seen as a social phenomenon, not only at the discursive but also on the cognitive and rhetorical levels. The object of this study is methods of analysis of political discourse allowing to study the position of a politician in the discursive sphere and to identify the character of his audience. The subject of the analysis are examples from Joe Biden's political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop arguments to choose a particular approach to political discourse, especially cognitive and rhetorical, as well as discourse analysis, which allow to reveal veiled meanings of political statements and consider the methods of persuasion of the electorate.Methodology and data sources. The subject of the analysis are examples of Joe Biden’s political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. To compare approaches the study of political discourse, descriptive and comparative methods are used, the effectiveness of different approaches and methods is illustrated by specific examples of linguistic interpretation of discursive features of publications and speeches, revealing the ambitions of the politician most fully. A method of quantitative counting is also used.Results and discussion. The use of descriptive and comparative methods makes it possible to compare different approaches to the study of political texts and speeches, to discuss the relationship of heterogeneous methods, to identify the most effective methods of studying discourse. The result of the article was the conclusions about the effectiveness of different approaches to the study of the language of politicians at discursive, cognitive and rhetorical levels. Comparison of methods of research of political discourse distinguishes discourse-analysis among other methods of analysis. The use of discourse analysis to study political discourse reveals the functions of discourse, for example, manipulative, selective and combined functions related to political goals. The use of critical discourse analysis allows you to identify these functions most fully.Conclusion. The study of political discourse can be carried out at different levels, but the discursive level compared to cognitive and rhetorical levels is the most effective from a linguistic point of view. Discourse analysis allows to explore political discourse at more qualitative different level than rhetorical and other linguistic methods of research. Discourse analysis is presented as a method of researching hidden meanings in politics in this article.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Cognive Strategies of Nomination in Russian and English

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Structural Semantics ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
First Time ◽  
Confectionery Product

At this stage of the development of linguistics, proper nouns are considered to be linguistic units that are not adequately studied, and there is growing interest in proper nouns (or advertising names or commercial nominations), their structural semantics, functional semantics, linguistic culture, and psycholinguistic features, this paper for the first time conducts a comparative study of the material of confectionery product names that sell their Description of the main theoretical provisions on the concept of "ergonym", determine the on-name status of this language unit, consider and describe the names of confectionery products in terms of structure-grammar, lexical semantics and linguistic culture; conduct directional associative experiments to determine the validity of the mind actions of potential consumers on the names of confectionery products and check their informational.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH OF MILITARY METAPHOR IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATIO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Рушана Хазиева
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Cognitive Research ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Media ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Implementation Of The Strategy

The article discusses the use of metaphors when covering armed conflicts in media. The ambiguous nature of the conflict and the subjectivity of perception of this phenomenon determine the specific usе of metaphor as an evaluative tool capable to change the addressee’s picture of the world. Metaphors are easily activated in the mind of a person, produce an automatic perception of a country's policy, which predetermines their high functionality for propaganda purposes. Ag- gressive rhetoric in political media discourse serves as a means of language manifestation of the goals of ideological suggestion and the creation of suggestive semantic effects. Ideological beliefs and values in the form of political metaphors are manifested and contribute to the implementation of the strategy of discredit in political discourse, influencing the addressee.

Horace and Hopkins: The Point of Balance in Odes 3.1

Ramus ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rosemary M. Nielsen ◽  
Robert H. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
Classical Scholar ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Psychological Reaction ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Sacrifice

In May of 1868, less than two years after Gerard Manley Hopkins left the English Church to become a Roman Catholic and after eight months spent teaching at Newman's Oratory School in Birmingham, the classical scholar burned nearly all of his poetry; he called the act ‘the sacrifice of my innocents’. Austin Warren describes Hopkins as feeling caught through his life between conflicting desires to be a pdet and to be a saint. This strain and the anxieties it produced appear in his later poems, such as ‘The Wreck of the Deutschland’ and ‘Heaven Haven’, and in his journals and letters. In the latter he describes the emotional effect he wanted poems to have upon readers: some poems must, Hopkins asserted, ‘explode’ within the reader. Intensifying the psychological reaction of the readers of literature was one of Hopkins's aims when he created poetry, just as it was a goal when he wrote redactions of the speeches in Shakespeare's tragedies or when he chose from among variant readings for Greek drama. In September 1868, when he entered the priesthood as a Jesuit, Hopkins began a new life of personal intensity and, perhaps to his own surprise, a second poetic career. But a number of poems survived the destruction. One is his translation of Horace's Odes 3.1, the longer of the only two extant translations of complete Latin poems. As with A. E. Housman's sole surviving translation of a Latin ode, Horace's 4.7, this one reveals a profound identification with Horace, a subtle understanding of the original poem, and an intense revelation of the mind of the English writer during the period of translating. The emotional intensity, technical virtuosity and psychological richness of the translation make Hopkins's version of 3.1 a significant poem for scholars of English and classical poetry.

Commissive and Expressive Illocutionary Acts in Political Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Mišić Ilić ◽  
Milica Radulović
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Political Speeches

AbstractPolitical discourse is primarily identified as political action, the discourse of deliberating which course of action to follow in accordance with specific political goals (Fairclough and Fairclough 2012: 1). A pragmatic analysis of various sub-genres of political discourse can identify the preference for particular speech acts. The first aim of this paper is to analyze commissive and expressive illocutionary acts in political speeches, as indicators of personal involvement of political speakers, notorious for vagueness and avoiding commitment. A corpus of Serbian, American and British political speeches that address the issue of economic standard of living has been examined to identify commissive illocutionary acts as indicators of politicians’ explicit commitment to a chosen course of action, and expressive illocutionary acts as indicators of politicians’ explicit attitudes to their own or other politicians’ chosen practices. The analysis classifies subtypes of commissives and expressives in the corpus and identifies illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) that constitute them in English and in Serbian, after which the resulting classifications are compared and contrasted. The research results are aimed at explaining the hypothesis that a specific use/lack of commissives and expressives can be the politician’s strategy for adding credibility to their speeches, and in that way, swaying public opinion to serve the politician’s interest; conversely, establishing the relation between the use/lack of these illocutionary acts and the politician’s commitment to actions can be a method for exposing the politician’s lack of credibility and accountability.

scholarly journals ‘Vividness’ in english natural history and anatomy, 1650–1700

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wragge-Morley
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
John Ray ◽  
The Mind ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
The Brain

This article concerns the use of rhetorical strategies in the natural historical and anatomical works of the seventeenth-century Royal Society. Choosing representative works, it argues that naturalists such as Nehemiah Grew, John Ray and the neuroanatomist Thomas Willis used the rhetorical device known as ‘comparison’ to make their descriptions of natural things vivid. By turning to contemporary works of neurology such as Willis's Cerebri Anatome and contemporary rhetorical works inspired by other such descriptions of the brain and nerves, it is argued that the effects of these strategies were taken to be wide-ranging. Contemporaries understood the effects of rhetoric in terms inflected by anatomical and medical discourse—the brain was physically altered by powerful sense impressions such as those of rhetoric. I suggest that the rhetoric of natural history could have been understood in the same way and that natural history and anatomy might therefore have been understood to cultivate the mind, improving its capacity for moral judgements as well as giving it knowledge of nature.

The Religious Component of the World Meaning in the Mechanism of Individual’s Identification Processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Салихова ◽  
Elvina Salikhova ◽  
Мурсалимова ◽  
Yu. Mursalimova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
The World ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Partial Description ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Identification Processes ◽  
Different Content

The aim of the study is to describe the religious component of the person’s worldview. The results of association experiments enable us to reconstruct the specifics of the actualization of the word’s psychological meaning in the individual’s linguistic consciousness. This approach is perspective in the study of associations for establishing the religious worldview in which the linguistic division of the world is correlated with the typology of associative fields. Language and religion, representing two different images of the world, have in their structure different content both by volume and the nature of the information, constituenting this knowledge and by its role and place in the structure of social consciousness. Language and religion are the ways of formation and existence of knowledge, and the combination of this knowledge of reality, formed in general consciousness is a worldview. In this material there is to show the mutual influence of religious and linguistic worldviews by identifying and partial description of the religious meaning of the word, which is defined as a content of a word, displaying in the mind of an individual and fixing in it the mystical views, based on the faith in supernatural forces and beings (gods, spirits). Subsequent stages of the study of the religious component in the mechanism of identification processes in the person’s linguistic consciousness involve a comparative study of verbal associations on the material of a number of Turkic languages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document