Fonološke osobitosti Zbornika u Berčićevoj zbirci br. 5 i Fatevićeva zbornika duhovnoga štiva

In this paper, the phonological features of the Miscellany from Berčić Collection No. 5 (15th century) and the Fatević Miscellany of spiritual texts (1617) are analysed and mutually compared. In addition, the situation in both miscellanies is compared with the results of previous research of the phonological features of Croatian liturgical glagolitic texts and with the situation in other non-liturgical miscellanies. The analysis shows that mixing of the Church Slavonic and Croatian (Chakavian) elements is attested at the phonological level in both miscellanies, with Croatian (Chakavian) features being more frequent in both miscellanies, particularly in the younger Fatević’s Miscellany. The Ikavian-Ekavian reflex of jat with the prevalence of Ikavian examples and the change ę > a after ļ, which is preceded by the change of the root consonant cluster kl > kļ, provides a reliable indication that both miscellanies could have been written in the Zadar region, i.e. in the southern middle-Chakavian region.

Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine

For more than one thousand years Arab medicine held sway in the ancient world, from the shores of Spain in the West to China, India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon) in the East. This book explores the impact of Greek (as well as Indian and Persian) medical heritage on the evolution of Arab medicine and pharmacology, investigating it from the perspective of materia medica — a reliable indication of the contribution of this medical legacy. Focusing on the main substances introduced and traded by the Arabs in the medieval Mediterranean — including Ambergris, camphor, musk, myrobalan, nutmeg, sandalwood, and turmeric — the chapters show how they enriched the existing inventory of drugs influenced by Galenic-Arab pharmacology. Further, they look at how these substances merged with the development and distribution of new technologies and industries that evolved in the Middle Ages such as textiles, paper, dyeing, and tanning, and with the new trends, demands, and fashions regarding spices, perfumes, ornaments (gemstones), and foodstuffs some of which can be found in our modern-day food basket.

A Standardized System of Training-Intensity Guidelines for Track and Field and Cross Country Coaches

A training program designed to optimize athletes’ performance abilities cannot be practically planned or implemented without a valid and reliable indication of training intensity and its effect on the physiological mechanisms of the human body. The objectives of this paper are to (a) review training-intensity guidelines developed for coaches, inclusive of the associated physiologic metrics validated in a field study; (b) describe a seasonal application of the guidelines for coaches; and (c) share supporting commentary from coaches interviewed in the field study. A standardized system of training-intensity guidelines for the sports of track and field/cross country was field tested. The system was modeled after the standardized system of training-intensity guidelines used by USA Swimming. Track and field and cross country coaches were asked to comment on the perceived utility of the standardized training-intensity guidelines. Results of the field study show that coaches uniformly confirmed the utility and applicability of the training-intensity guidelines.

Two externalist accounts of epistemic justification

This article deals with two prominent versions of externalist account of epistemic justification, the reliable indication theory and the reliable process theory. According to the reliable indication theory, a belief is justified if it provides a reliable indication of the occurence of the state of affairs which makes it true. The reliable process theory holds that a belief is justified if it has been formed by a reliable cognitive process. The main contentions of this two accounts are analyzed and compared in the light of three more general and fundamental externalist ideas: (1) justification need not be cognitive available to the person whose belief is in question; (2) justification should be connected to the truth of the belief in such a way that it makes the case that one?s epistemically justified belief is likely to be true; and (3) justification of one?s belief depends on the causal history of the belief.

Detection of the 1RS chromosome arm in Martonvásár wheat genotypes containing 1Bl.1Rs or 1Al.1Rs translocations using SSR and STS markers

Several molecular markers have been reported for the detection of the 1RS chromosome arm. The aim of the present experiments was to study the reliability and reproducibility of six molecular markers specific to the 1RS rye chromosome (GPI, Bmac213, 5S, IAG95, SCM9 and RMS13) in distinguishing between wheat genotypes with and without the 1BL.1RS or 1AL.1RS translocations. In the course of the analysis, PCR products of the expected size were obtained with all the markers, which were found to give a reliable indication of the presence of the 1RS chromosome arm in the wheat genome.

National Numeracy Tests: A Graphic Tells a Thousand Words

Mandatory numeracy tests have become commonplace in many countries, heralding a new era in school assessment. New forms of accountability and an increased emphasis on national and international standards (and benchmarks) have the potential to reshape mathematics curricula. It is noteworthy that the mathematics items used in these tests are rich in graphics. Many of the items, for example, require students to have an understanding of information graphics (for example, maps, charts and graphs) in order to solve the tasks. This investigation classifies mathematics items in Australia's inaugural national numeracy tests and considers the effect such standardised testing will have on practice. It is argued that the design of mathematics items is more likely to be a reliable indication of student performance if graphical, linguistic and contextual components are considered both in isolation and in integrated ways as essential elements of task design.

The Epistemological Significance of Psychic Trauma

This essay explores the epistemological significance of the kinds of beliefs that grow out of traumatic experiences, such as the rape survivor's belief that she is never safe. On current theories of justification, beliefs like this one are generally dismissed due to either insufficient evidence or insufficient prepositional content. Here, Freedman distinguishes two discrete sides of the aftermath of psychic trauma, the shattered self and the shattered worldview. This move enables us to see these beliefs as beliefs; in other words, as having cognitive content. Freedman argues that what we then need is a theory of justification that allows us to handpick reliable sources of information on sexual violence, and give credibility where deemed appropriate. She advances a mix of reliabilism and coherentism that privileges feminism. On this account, the evidence for the class of beliefs in question will depend on an act of sexual violence (or testimony, or statistics) to the extent that the act is a reliable indication of the prevalence of sexual violence against women.