Digital Twins, Virtual Devices, and Augmentations for Self-Organising Cyber-Physical Collectives

The engineering of large-scale cyber-physical systems (CPS) increasingly relies on principles from self-organisation and collective computing, enabling these systems to cooperate and adapt in dynamic environments. CPS engineering also often leverages digital twins that provide synchronised logical counterparts of physical entities. In contrast, sensor networks rely on the different but related concept of virtual device that provides an abstraction of a group of sensors. In this work, we study how such concepts can contribute to the engineering of self-organising CPSs. To that end, we analyse the concepts and devise modelling constructs, distinguishing between identity correspondence and execution relationships. Based on this analysis, we then contribute to the novel concept of “collective digital twin” (CDT) that captures the logical counterpart of a collection of physical devices. A CDT can also be “augmented” with purely virtual devices, which may be exploited to steer the self-organisation process of the CDT and its physical counterpart. We underpin the novel concept with experiments in the context of the pulverisation framework of aggregate computing, showing how augmented CDTs provide a holistic, modular, and cyber-physically integrated system view that can foster the engineering of self-organising CPSs.

A Multidimensional Scaling Approach to Technology Categorization

The increasing reliance on and advancement of technology requires an in-depth exploration into how users interact with mechanical and virtual devices. To explore how individuals categorize different technologies, we conducted a multidimensional scaling (MDS) study to analyze the perceived similarity or dissimilarity between technologies. In the exploratory study on 23 devices, we found items rated similarly based on two dimensions – technological sophistication and size. Technology categorization, specifically with the use of MDS, is an under investigated approach in human factors that, through further exploration, may yield a better understanding of users’ mental models and acceptance, with utility for both designers and researchers.

A WoT-Based Method for Creating Digital Sentinel Twins of IoT Devices

The data produced by sensors of IoT devices are becoming keystones for organizations to conduct critical decision-making processes. However, delivering information to these processes in real-time represents two challenges for the organizations: the first one is achieving a constant dataflow from IoT to the cloud and the second one is enabling decision-making processes to retrieve data from dataflows in real-time. This paper presents a cloud-based Web of Things method for creating digital twins of IoT devices (named sentinels).The novelty of the proposed approach is that sentinels create an abstract window for decision-making processes to: (a) find data (e.g., properties, events, and data from sensors of IoT devices) or (b) invoke functions (e.g., actions and tasks) from physical devices (PD), as well as from virtual devices (VD). In this approach, the applications and services of decision-making processes deal with sentinels instead of managing complex details associated with the PDs, VDs, and cloud computing infrastructures. A prototype based on the proposed method was implemented to conduct a case study based on a blockchain system for verifying contract violation in sensors used in product transportation logistics. The evaluation showed the effectiveness of sentinels enabling organizations to attain data from IoT sensors and the dataflows used by decision-making processes to convert these data into useful information.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FOUR-CHANNEL COHERENT SDR TRANSCEIVER FOR MEASURING THE PARAMETERS OF TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM

Дается оценка актуальности проверки функционирования бортовых систем предупреждения столкновения само -летов ( БСПС) в воздухе на стадиях ихжизненного цикла в соответствии с руководящими документами ARP4754, DO-254 и DO-178C. Показаны недостатки узкоспециализированных систем, используемых в настоящее время для этих целей. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки универсального инструментария, позволяющего проверять БСПС, согласно ARP4754, DO-254 и DO-178C, а также проводить их сертификацию по требованиям DO-185. Рассмотрена возможность создания универсального автоматизированного измерительного стенда за счет разработки и использования в его составе 4-канального когерентного приемопередатчика на основе технологии виртуальных приборов и программно-определяемого радио на основе FPGA. An assessment of the relevance of checking the functioning of airborne traffic collision avoidance systems (TCAS) at the stages of their life cycle under the guidelines ARP 4754, DO-254, and DO-178C is given. The disadvantages of highly specialized systems currently used for these purposes are shown. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a universal toolkit that allows checking TCAS in accordance with ARP 4754, DO-254, and DO-178C, as well as carrying out their certification under the requirements DO-185. The possibility of creating a universal automated measuring stand by the development and use in its composition a four-channel coherent transceiver based on the technology of virtual devices and software-defined radio based on FPGA is considered.

Prototype of Gas Leaking Monitoring Device In Gas Distribution Pipe of PT. Prima Gasifikasi Indonesia in Tanjung Batu

This study aims to help PT. Prima Gasifikasi Indonesia makes a device that detects leaks in gas distribution pipes based on microcontroller technology. This gas detector is connected to several virtual devices that make this tool work well, namely the MQ-2 sensor working as a gas detector, NodeMCU to control the device's controls. As a notification sender to Android, the LED indicates the tool is active, and the buzzer is the provider. Information with a voice indicator. This detector can detect gas to a 'distance 'of less "than '25 cm 'from the sensor. The input on this device, namely MQ-2, will be sent directly to NodeMCU using programming, namely C language when detecting gas. From the device, two conditions will appear, the first condition is LOW when the device does not detect gas and the second condition is HIGH; namely, the device is medium detects gas caused by a leaky pipe, if the device detects gas, the 'systems will command the output in the form of a buzzer as a sound indicator to sound and provide a notification sent via the Internet to Android by giving a message that the gas has been detected

Chinese Traditional Handicraft Education Using AR Content

This paper proposes a new Chinese traditional handicraft learning mode through embodied interaction using WebAR technology. It details how emergent technologies for cognitive learning can enhance learning in the teaching of a traditional handicraft. A study is presented where students learn about traditional handicrafts with a whole-body interactive simulation utilizing WebAR devices, and this is compared to traditional methods using a desktop version for the simulation. Results show that the Chinese traditional handicraft learning mode based on WebAR affords embodied interaction and improves learning between real context and virtual devices; thus WebAR devices enhance embodied interaction of traditional handicraft simulations. This contribution is highly relevant for users who aim to learn and be creative in different contexts that deliver new forms of Chinese traditional handicraft learning.

Creation of the spacecraft’s command-and-measurement system’s heterogeneous simulation model

This article presents software tools designed for construction of heterogeneous models by software integration of logical models having their work methods set in the knowledge bases and engineering models created in a technical simulation environment. In order to build logical models we use our software «Software-and-mathematical model of the command-andmeasurement system’s onboard equipment». Engineering models are built in the graphical programming environment of the LabVIEW. The software functions are described for creation of graphical schemes of models, data structures and telemetry data packages design, creation of the command base and setting of the methods of the model’s elements work in the knowledge bases’ rules. We provide an example of a heterogeneous model simulating the logics of the spacecraft’s command-and-measurement system’s onboard equipment operation including the library of virtual devices for the receiving and transmitting path simulation and the knowledge base with the rules of the onboard system’s interaction during reception, transmission, execution and confirmation of commands. This example demonstrates the points of integration of logical simulators and virtual devices. The model allows to assess the parameters of the receiving and transmitting path and the influence of destabling factors on communication line’s quality, simulate generation and transformation of the signal coming from the source of information – ground segment – to the onboard equipment and simulate logical interaction of the systems if the necessary signal level is provided. Each element of the model can be transformed and processed by the subject area’s specialist depending on the specifics of the solved tasks.

Usage virtual devices for measuring voltage in course of theoretical fundamentals of electrical engineering

The combined methods of training using the multimedia laboratory in the framework of the implementation of modern approaches to the learning process, in practice are article shown. It’s impossible to provide the high quality of the educational process without modern laboratory facilities. Unitrain I laboratory developed by the Lucas Nulle allows to combine theory and practice, creating a highly effective and efficient learning environment using computer technology. A set of virtual devices for measuring voltages in an electrical circuit is considered, which is necessary to perform laboratory and practical work for the development of the course of theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. The comparison with real devices measurements is performed. Conclusions are given.

TRAINING TECHNIQUE FOR SUBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN THE LABVIEW SYSTEM

The article proposes a methodological approach to the training of future teachers of physics and informatics in subject-oriented programming using the LabVIEW system. The methodological support for the introductory lesson for learning how to get started in the LabVIEW system is considered, and an example of laboratory work on the development of a virtual device for determining the additional resistance to the LED is given. Laboratory work consists of several parts: theme, goals, theory on physics for solving tasks in the current work, stages of work in the LabVIEW system, tasks to control knowledge and skills. The methodology for the training in subject-oriented programming includes, in addition to the laboratory workshop, tasks to design more complex virtual devices as part of undergraduate works. In these works, in addition to the development of one or more virtual devices, it is proposed to solve various research problems using these devices. These research tasks are intended to confirm known physical laws, derive various constants and reference data, build graphs of physical dependencies, etc.