A Framework for Geometric Field Theories and their Classification in Dimension One

In this paper, we develop a general framework of geometric functorial field theories, meaning that all bordisms in question are endowed with geometric structures. We take particular care to establish a notion of smooth variation of such geometric structures, so that it makes sense to require the output of our field theory to depend smoothly on the input. We then test our framework on the case of 1-dimensional field theories (with or without orientation) over a manifold M. Here the expectation is that such a field theory is equivalent to the data of a vector bundle over M with connection and, in the nonoriented case, the additional data of a nondegenerate bilinear pairing; we prove that this is indeed the case in our framework.

Underwater Image Restoration via Non-Convex Non-Smooth Variation and Thermal Exchange Optimization

The quality of underwater images is an important problem for resource detection. However, the light scattering and plankton in water can impact the quality of underwater images. In this paper, a novel underwater image restoration based on non-convex, non-smooth variation and thermal exchange optimization is proposed. Firstly, the underwater dark channel prior is used to estimate the rough transmission map. Secondly, the rough transmission map is refined by the proposed adaptive non-convex non-smooth variation. Then, Thermal Exchange Optimization is applied to compensate for the red channel of underwater images. Finally, the restored image can be estimated via the image formation model. The results show that the proposed algorithm can output high-quality images, according to qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Gothic Ontology and Sympathy: Moving Away from the Fold

Lars Spuybroek proposes an ‘ill-disciplined’ reading of John Ruskin’s vitalist, anti-classicist theory of Gothic architecture. By discussing three of the six characteristics that Ruskin uses to define the nature of Gothic architecture, namely savageness (a form of rough variation), changefulness (a form of smooth variation), and rigidity (a form of structural activity), Spuybroek develops a Gothic ontology. At the heart of this ontology lies the relation between figures and configurations in which figures are variable and active parts that relate to each other in order to form collaborative entities. The figure-configuration relation transcends the aesthetic opposition between structure and ornament, an opposition that is upheld by Classicism and its varieties. In Gothic architecture, ornament is not ‘added on’ to structure, but rather generates structure by configurational behaviour such as bundling, weaving, and webbing. This flexible form of agency allows the fundamental element of the Gothic, the rib, to create an enormous variety of patterns. As an entity the Gothic rib takes position between the classical atom and the baroque fold, adhering to the discreteness of the former and the flexibility of the latter. Subsequently, Gothic ontology does not differentiate between beauty and workings, conflating both in a realm of sympathy, a concept of interiority based on readings which connect the work of Ruskin to that of Worringer, Lipps and Whitehead.

Comparison of Five Level and Seven Level Inverter Based Static Compensator System

<p>The STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper deals with the comparison of five level and seven level based STATCOM systems. Usually DC output from the PV source is amplified using a single boost converter. The output of the boost converter is applied to the multilevel inverter system. The ability of STATCOM to improve the receiving end voltage is analyzed using the proposed boost converter. The performance of five level and seven level STATCOM systems are compared in terms of THD and receiving end voltage</p>

Fault Detection of WSN Based on Spatial Correlation

Regarding application with smooth variation of detection, spatial correlation of sensors’ data within a small field was applied to sensor nodes’ fault diagnosis. The data were sorted into several continuous sequences by sink node. Sequence with minimum variance was regarded as normal data to determine normal nodes. For undetermined nodes, it can be determined via calculation on deviation to normal nodes’ data of vicinity area. If deviation does not exceed the threshold, the node is normal; otherwise, it is regarded as a fault node. The research on WSN in a greenhouse shows that fault node can be effectively detected in time by this method.

Experimental Identification of Generalized Proportional Viscous Damping Matrix

A simple and easy-to-implement algorithm to identify a generalized proportional viscous damping matrix is developed in this work. The chief advantage of the proposed technique is that only a single drive-point frequency response function (FRF) measurement is needed. Such FRFs are routinely measured using the standard techniques of an experimental modal analysis, such as impulse test. The practical utility of the proposed identification scheme is illustrated on three representative structures: (1) a free-free beam in flexural vibration, (2) a quasiperiodic three-cantilever structure made by inserting slots in a plate in out-of-plane flexural vibration, and (3) a point-coupled-beam system. The finite element method is used to obtain the mass and stiffness matrices for each system, and the damping matrix is fitted to a measured variation of the damping (modal damping factors) with the natural frequency of vibration. The fitted viscous damping matrix does accommodate for any smooth variation of damping with frequency, as opposed to the conventional proportional damping matrix. It is concluded that a more generalized viscous damping matrix, allowing for a smooth variation of damping as a function of frequency, can be accommodated within the framework of standard finite element modeling and vibration analysis of linear systems.