Agrotourism as an Alternative Form of Development of Rural Area

In the article prerequisites of North Kazakhstan region agrotourism’s development is considered as the way of diversifying of agricultural rural economics’ invariant on the basis and due to territorial investigations. Discussed region is one of the leading Kazakhstani agricultural producer with the greatest economical land fertility of agricultural grounds and plough lands. However, because of post-crisis agriculture’s intensification decrease of land fertility and, as a consequence, the fall of crop producing farm agricultures are fixed, what initiates the search of new competitive forms of tertiary sector of the economics for rural areas development. The region is different by its exclusively profitable geographical position and optimal combination of natural, agricultural and social-economical resources, what caused the choice of the given investigation area. The strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats of agrotourism developments’ conditions are identified, on the basis of which social-economical SWOT analysis is made. In the light of territorial closeness of agrotourism business objects and potential recreants, the most appropriate types of agritourism are determined, for development in the sphere (historical, ecotourism, ethnotourism) and representative number of tour objects. On their basis spatial model of the organization of the territorial system of agrotourism in the region is suggested, which includes North and South belts of agrotourism focused on a specific category of recreants

Evaluation of Seedling Establishment Palatability and Acceptability Tests of Groundnut Seeds as Influenced by Levels of Whole Powder of Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit and Climatic Conditions

The tests for the evaluation of seedling establishment, palatability and acceptability were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Technology and the Food Laboratory of the Department of Home and Rural Economics, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State. The experimental designs used were Randomized Complete Block Design and the Completely Randomized Design. Some of the parameters measured were percentage seedling establishment, palatability, and acceptability tests. The highest mean percentage seedling establishment was observed in 12.00g levels of H. suaveolens whole powder treated shelled groundnut seeds (97.67, 97.00, and 94.00) at the three periods of storage. Percentage seedling establishment decreased with a decrease in levels of H. suaveolens whole powder. One of the major constraints to the use of plant materials as an alternative to synthetic insecticides is the issue of standardization in dosage of application. This work has suggested that, if groundnut seeds are to be used for sowing, they should be stored with a 12.00g level of H. suaveolens whole powder for every 300.00g for three months. However, if they are to be used for consumption, they could be stored with a 6.00g level of H. suaveolens whole powder for every 300.00g for at most three months. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated shelled groundnut seeds at the three periods of storage on the acceptability and palatability score of cooked groundnut at all dosages of application. All treatments were within the acceptable score rates even though the two rates of the synthetic insecticides, actellic dust were at the lowest acceptable score rate. The finding also showed that acceptability and palatability decreased with an increase in dosage of application. The periods of storage also had a significant impact on the mean percentage seedling establishment. It was observed that there was a higher percentage of seedling establishment when shelled groundnut seeds were stored from November- January. At this period of the year, the temperature and humidity are usually low and this might have necessitated the high state of inactivity and low performance of the bruchids compared to other periods of storage within the year.

El riesgo de disponibilidad de agua en la agricultura: una aplicación a las cuencas del Guadalquivir y del Segura

Agriculture is a key sector in rural economics. In some Southern Regions of Spain capable of developing a competitive irrigation sector, agriculture is a powerful means towards development. This is the case of many comarcas of Guadalquivir and Segura River Basins, which however face a growing water scarcity and drought risk. To respond these problems in an effective manner, a series of Planes de Sequía have been approved in order to give a planned and strategic response. This paper focuses on expected impact of new decision rules established in the Planes de Sequía (which were passed without any previous economic impact analysis) and assess whether or not they contribute to irrigation sustainability and thus regional and rural economics development. This paper develops a stochastic model to assess economic loss derived from Planes de Sequía implementation over irrigated agriculture. Conclusions show that Planes de Sequía do not warrantee irrigation sustainability and priority uses water supply.

Blackwood’s Pastoralism and the Highland Clearances

This chapter shows how, through a recurring discourse of ‘pastoralism’, Blackwood’s used the lingering traumas of the Highland Clearances as an opportunity to develop new literary conventions. Rather than seeing pastoral as merely concomitant with the Blackwood’s circle’s reactionary Toryism, we should recognize that Blackwood’s and its authors were operating in a more complex ‘post-pastoral’ register that challenged modernity’s exploitation of the natural world while conceding art’s reliance on modern, exploitative, destructive impulses. Such post-pastoral tensions were especially pronounced in Blackwood’s running commentary on agrarian reform, rural economics, and the Highland Clearances.

Problemy polskiego szkolnictwa zaboru pruskiego i rosyjskiego na kartach „Szkoły” 1868-1914

The article discusses the period 1868-1914. At that time in Lvov, a pedagogical magazine entitled Szkoła (“School”) was published, in the columns of which one could find articles dealing with the problems of the Polish educational system in the Prussian and Russian partition zones. They were primarily letters and publications based on information obtained from brochures, newspapers and periodicals issued in the Grand Duchy of Poznan and the Kingdom of Poland. The news concerning Polish education published in Szkoła were non systematic and did not appear in cycles. Nevertheless, they possessed largely informative value for the readers of the periodical. They depicted the struggle to preserve the Polish language in schools, the questions connected with educating at an elementary and secondary level. Some papers provided information about schools for apprentices and schools of rural economics for girls. Galician autonomy created opportunities for freedom of expression on various topics. Owing to this, the journalists printing their articles in Szkoła openly denounced the abuses of Germans and Russians, criticised Germanization and Russification.

Housing and Management Practices of Goat Research in Chittorgarh District of Rajasthan

Livestock play a vital role in the agriculture and rural economics of the developing world. Animal husbandry is a major economic activity of the rural peoples, especially in the Chittorgarh district of Southern Rajasthan. A field survey was conducted to study goat housing and management practices of 120 respondents of 8 villages of Chittorgarh and Kapasan tehsils of Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan were interviewed. Frequencies were work out for each attributes and percentage were calculated to draw inferences. Most of goat owners has open goat shed attached to own house with floor made by dung and clay. Majority of goat owners used manger feeding (60percentage) which was mostly made of wooden type (55.56percentage). All goat owners used to water trough and cleaning and washing of goat house regularly. Majority (85percentage) of goat owners used to local method for identification of goat and weaning practice (70percentage) donot give proper housing for winter season (58.33percentage) and summer season (60percentage).

REFORMASI KELEMBAGAAN DAN KEMANDIRIAN PEREKONOMIAN PEDESAAN

Dalam tiga empat dekade terakhir terdapat dua peristiwa pergolakan politik berskala besar, yaitu berkaitan dengan pergantian pemerintahan ( dari Orde Lama ke Orde Baru dan dari Orde Baru ke Orde Reformasi ), yang di dalamnya terkandung adanya krisis pangan ( terutama ketersediaannya beras ) yang relatif berat. Dalam keadaan masyarakat di sekitar perkotaan ( Jawa ) dihadapkan pada kesulitan memperoleh bahan pangan ( beras ), maka bayangan jebakan krisis subsistensi ( Scott, 1989 ) bersamaan dengan krisis ekonomi (1998 ) benar-benar menjadi kenyataan. Sejak memasuki dekade 1990-an memanh terasa ada semacam “ kelalaian politik “ untuk mempertahankan spirit berswasembada beras secara nasional, dan kelalaian itu saat ini harus dibayar mahal oleh masyarakat pedesaan dalam bentuk keterbelakangan nya dibidang ekonomi.Untuk mengatasi keterbelakangan ekonomi pedesaan yang sudah menahun ini, diperlukan langkah reformatif atau menurut istilah Kuhn ( 1967 ) disebut revolusi paradigma ( kelembagaan pedesaan ). Langkah yang sifatnya “ tambal sulam “ atau setengah hati justru hanya akan membuang-buang waktu dan memboroskan sumber daya yang ada. Reformasi kelembagaan dalam tulisan ini dapat diartikan sebagai “ to make ( performance of rural economics institutions ) better by putting or stop abuses or malpractices or by introducing better institutions “. Lebih lengkap lagi jika makna reformasi kelembagaan ekonomi ini terkait erat dengan reformasi di bidang kehidupan sosial dan politik pedesaan.