KEPADATAN JENIS SACCOSTREA CUCULLATA PADA EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI PULAU KAPOTA KECAMATAN WANGI - WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

Biofouling merupakan organisme yang menghabiskan serluruh hidupnya dilingkungan perairan laut, dan bersiafat menempel dan dapat menyebabkan masalah serius karena merupakan penghambat kelangsungan hidup anakan mangrove contohnya seperti teritip merupakan faktor penyebab stres ekofisiologis seperti reduksi fotosintesis dan penghambat pertukaran gas pada anakan dan tumbuhan dewasa Pulau kapota merupakan salah satu pulau yang terletak di bagian barat pulau wangi wangi selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Pulau kapota memiliki keanekaragaman hayati laut yang melimpah terutatama pada ekosistem mangrove yang mempunyai peran penting dalam kelangsungan rantai makanan bahan organik, serta tempat berllindung berbagai organisme yang berasosiasi di ekosistem mangrove salah satunya orgnisme Biofouling yang menenpel pada mangrove yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan akibat biota penempet yang di sebut biofouling. Tujuan peneltn ini adalah mengetahui jenis biofouling, kepadatan biofouling, dan kualitas perairan pada ekosisitem manggrove di Pulau Kapota. Peneltian ini dilaksanakan bulan November 2020. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan jenis biofouling S. cucullata yang memiliki sepasang cangkang tidak sama. Dengan kepadatan S. cucullata pada Ekosistem mangrove mencapai 0,04 – 0,70 ind/m², yang terdapat pada anakan. Sedangkan pada pohon mencapai 0,06 – 0,15 ind/m². dan kualitas perairan pada ekosistem Manggrove berdasarkan pH, Salinitas, Suhu, Kecepatan Arus dan kecerahan masih dapat dikatakan menunjang untuk pertubuhan biofouling S. cucullata.Kata Kunci : Manggrove, Biofouling, S. cucullata

Kajian Kelimpahan Mikroplastik di Biota Perairan

Sampah plastik dapat terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik (MP) dan nanoplastik (NP) melalui proses fisik, kimia, dan biologis. MP didefinisikan sebagai partikel plastik kecil berukuran < 5 mm. MP saat ini telah ditemukan di tubuh biota perairan, baik perairan permukaan maupun perairan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji MP pada biota perairan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur terhadap artikel publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Kajian dilakukan terhadap kelimpahan, ukuran, bentuk, warna, dan komposisi MP pada biota perairan permukaan dan laut. Review dilakukan terhadap penelitian di Indonesia dan berbagai wilayah di negara lain. Beberapa metode pengambilan sampel biota perairan yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdahulu yaitu menggunakan trawl atau pukat dasar (jaring polietilen), jaring pukat pantai (10 m x 1,5 m; ukuran mata jaring: 8 mm). Identifikasi MP pada saluran pencernakan biota ikan dilakukan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% selama 24 jam pada suhu 60°C, selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan dengan kertas saring Whatman. Selanjutnya, proses identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop okuler dan FTIR untuk menentukan ukuran, bentuk, dan jenis polimer. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan MP terbanyak pada biota perairan masing-masing yaitu 468 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus) di perairan sungai; 18 partikel MP/individu pada Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) di perairan payau; 1,4 – 7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Tiram (Saccostrea cucullata) di perairan muara; 22,21 ± 1,7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Thryssa kammalensis di perairan teluk; 2,7 ± 0,10 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Zeus faber di perairan selat; dan 22,3 partikel MP/individu pada Diadema sp. (Bulu babi) di perairan laut. MP yang dominan pada biota perairan adalah berukuran 20 μm – 50 μm, berbentuk fiber, dan berwarna hitam. Polyethylene (PE) ditemukan dominan pada biota perairan permukaan, serta polyprophylene (PP) dan polyethylene (PE) pada biota perairan laut.ABSTRACTPlastic wastes could be degraded into microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) through physical, chemical, and biological processes. MP was defined as the small particle of plastic with the size of < 5 mm. Currently, MP has been found in the body of aquatic biota both in the surface and sea water biota. This research aimed to investigate the microplastic content in aquatic biota. The study was conducted through literature review of the last 10 year published articles. The previous studies were reviewed in terms of abundance, size, shape, colour, and polymer type of MP in the aquatic biota in Indonesia and areas of other countries. Sampling of aquatic biota in the previous studies was conducted in several methods using trawling or bottom trawl (polyethylene net), beach trawl net (10 m x 1.5 m; mesh size: 8 mm). Identification of MP in the digestive tract of fish was conducted using 10% KOH solution for 24 hours at a temperature of 60°C, then was filtered using Whatman filter paper. Next, the identification process used an ocular microscope and FTIR to determine the polymer. The result demonstrated that the highest number of MP abundance was 468 MP particles/individual in the cattle fish (Hypostomus plecostomus) species in the river water; 18 MP particles/individual in the black nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus) species in the brackish water; 1.4 – 7 MP particles/individual in the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) species in the estuary water; 22.21 ± 1.7 MP particles/individual in the Thryssa kammalensis fish species in the gulf water; 2.7 ± 0.10 MP particles/individual in the Zeus faber fish species in the strait water; and 22.3 MP particles/individual in the Diadema sp. (sea urchin) in the sea water. The most dominant MP size, shape, and colour in the aquatic biota was 20 μm – 50 μm, fiber, and black. Polyethylene (PE) was dominant in the surface water biota, whereas, polyprophylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in the sea water biota.

HIỆN TRẠNG NUÔI HÀU TẠI ĐẦM LẬP AN, THỊ TRẤN LĂNG CÔ HUYỆN PHÚ LỘC, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Năm loài hàu đang được nuôi ở đầm Lập An bao gồm Hàu Cửa Sông (Crassotrea rivularis), Hàu sữa Thái Bình Dương (Crassotrea gigas), Hàu Mỏ vịt (Crassotrea sp1.), Hàu Ốc (Crassotrea sp2.) và Hàu Đá (Saccostrea cucullata), trong đó Hàu Cửa sông (Crassotrea rivularis) là loài xuất hiện nhiều nhất. Hàu được nuôi phổ biến trên giá thể lốp cao su. Tổng diện tích nuôi là 129 ha với trung bình 2,08 ha/hộ. Hàu đang được nuôi ở năm thôn với diện tích khác nhau: lớn nhất là 35,8 ha (28%) và nhỏ nhất là 16,1 ha (12%). Sản lượng hàu nuôi cao nhất là 11,06 tấn/vụ/hộ và thấp nhất là 5,56 tấn/vụ/hộ. Năng suất cao nhất là 4,46 tấn/ha/hộ và thấp nhất là 3,81 tấn/ha/hộ. Thu nhập cao nhất là 128,5 triệu đồng/vụ/hộ và thấp nhất là 37,3 triệu đồng/vụ/hộ. Tỷ suất lợi nhuận trung bình cao nhất là 7,1 và thấp nhất là 3,02

Biochemical Studies on edible oysters Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullata.

n general, changes in biochemical components are closely linked to the state of sexual maturity of the mollusks and to energy supply, either directly from ingested food or from previously stored reserves. Carbohydrates are considered to be the main energy source in adult marine bivalves and are important for gamete formation and maintenance of adult condition during periods of nutritive stress or in winter. Many studies have related changes in the biochemical composition of bivalves with the reproductive cycle mostly in the natural environment. Energy storage and biochemical cycle are closely related to reproductive activity in marine bivalves. The present study indicates that major biochemical constituents in oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullate are significantly influenced by environment condition such as quantity of food availability, temperature and salinity. The high contents of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and water content values, during summer are indicating this season as the best for harvesting this particular oyster species and the statistical analysis of the biochemical composition of the tissue sample of the oyster revealed positive correlation in both species of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullata. The strong Positive Correlation were observed in between the two stations and the highest value of protein, carbohydrate and lipids were observed in Crassostrea madrasensis rock and creek when it compare to Saccostrea cucullata. Keywords: Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid , Crassostrea madrasensis, Saccostrea cucullata, oysters

Biochemical Studies on edible oysters Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullata.

In general, changes in biochemical components are closely linked to the state of sexual maturity of the mollusks and to energy supply, either directly from ingested food or from previously stored reserves. Carbohydrates are considered to be the main energy source in adult marine bivalves and are important for gamete formation and maintenance of adult condition during periods of nutritive stress or in winter. Many studies have related changes in the biochemical composition of bivalves with the reproductive cycle mostly in the natural environment. Energy storage and biochemical cycle are closely related to reproductive activity in marine bivalves. The present study indicates that major biochemical constituents in oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullate are significantly influenced by environment condition such as quantity of food availability, temperature and salinity. The high contents of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and water content values, during summer are indicating this season as the best for harvesting this particular oyster species and the statistical analysis of the biochemical composition of the tissue sample of the oyster revealed positive correlation in both species of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullata. The strong Positive Correlation were observed in between the two stations and the highest value of protein, carbohydrate and lipids were observed in Crassostrea madrasensis rock and creek when it compare to Saccostrea cucullata.Keywords: Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid , Crassostrea madrasensis, Saccostrea cucullata, oysters

KEANEKARAGAMAN KELAS BIVALVIA DI HUTAN MANGROVE PANTAI BAMA TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN

Bivalvia (kerang-kerangan) adalah biota yang biasa hidup menetap di dalam substrat dasar perairan. Bivalvia memiliki nilai penting di dalam ekosistem air laut. Secara ekologis Bivalvia dikategorikan sebagai biota penting penyusun suatu ekosistem karena Bivalvia bersifat filter fideer sehingga Bivalvia mampu menyaring bahan-bahan organik yang ada di dalam perairan Penelitian dilakukan di Hutan Mangrove Pantai Bama Taman Nasional Baluran pada bulan Maret-September 2020 dengan metode Purposive sampling dan tehnik Pengambilan sampel dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun dengan jarak tiap stasiun 200 m dan dengan luas tiap stasiun 450 m2. Setiap stasiun dibagi menjadi 3 garis transek jarak tiap garis transek 30 m, dalam satu garis transek terdapat 10 plot berukutan 2 × 2 m2.. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan peroleh 8 Famili 9 Genus dan 9 Spesies, diantanya yaitu: Famili Arcidae, Mactridae, Mytilidae, Veneroidae, Placunidae, Ostreidae, Tellinidae dan Pinnidae. Adapun 9 Genus yang ditemukan diantaranya: Anadara, Barbatia, Spisula, Modiolus, Periglypta, Placuna, Saccostrea, Tellina dan Pinna, sedangkan 9 Spesies yang di temukan yaitu: Anadara granosa, Barbatia Barbata, Spisula solida, Modiolus barbatus, Periglypta poerpera, Placuna Placenta, Saccostrea cucullata, Tellina timorensis, Pinna Nobilis.Total keseluruhan Bivalvia Mangrove yang diperoleh yaitu 628 individu, indek keanekaragaman di seluruh stasiun mempunyai rata-rata Hˊ= 1,66 dengan katagori sedang, sedangkan indeks dominansi di semua Stasiun mempunyai rata-rata C= 0,22. Maka indeks dominansi di katagorikan rendah,

Upaya Optimasi Sintesis Pentapeptida Leu-Ala-Asn-Ala-Lys dengan Pengurangan Nilai Loading Resin

SCAP1 (Saccostrea Cucullata Antioxidant Peptide 1) dengan urutan asam amino LANAK (Leu-Ala-Asn-Ala-Lys) merupakan pentapeptida yang diisolasi dari hidrolisat tiram dan diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan scavenging radikal DPPH sebesar 83,79 ± 0,53%. Peptida ini telah berhasil dibuat dengan metode sintesis peptida fase padat dengan persen rendemen 8,28%. Rendahnya persen rendemen yang diperoleh disebabkan karena adanya dua residu Ala serta 1 residu Asn yang dapat menyebabkan agregasi. Nilai loading resin yang terlalu besar juga menjadi salah satu penyebab terbentuknya agregasi karena loading resin dilakukan selama 15 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis senyawa SCAP1 dengan pengurangan nilai loading resin. Untuk meningkatkan persen rendemen dari penelitian sebelumnya, pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi sintesis terhadap SCAP1. Sintesis dilakukan dengan pengurangan nilai loading resin dengan cara mempersingkat waktu loading resin menjadi 4 jam. Senyawa SCAP1 hasil sintesis memiliki massa crude sebesar 119,5 mg dan berhasil dimurnikan menggunakan RP-HPLC preparatif dengan massa murni 10,6 mg dan rendemen 16%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan loading resin meningkatkan rendemen SCAP1 dari 8,28% menjadi 16%.

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE EDIBLE ROCK OYSTER SACCOSTREA CUCULLATA (BORN, 1778) ALONG THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF INDIA

For the management of molluscan stocks, knowledge of various population parameters and exploitation level of the population are needed. The present study assessed the population dynamics on the rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) in Karnataka State, south India. The specimens of S. cucullata were collected from Baindur rocky beach at monthly intervals from June 2010 to May 2011. Asymptotic length (L∞) estimated was 57.8 mm and growth coefficient (K) was estimated at 1.4 year-1. The sizes attained were 45.30, 54.72 and 57.04 mm at the end of first, second and third years of age, respectively. Total mortality (Z) was 5.24 year-1. Natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 1.40 and 3.84 year-1 respectively. The life span of S. cucullata was estimated as 2.5 years approximately. Exploitation level (E) was computed as 0.73, indicating that the fishery of S. cucullata in the coastal waters of Karnataka Is overexploited.