scholarly journals Kajian Kelimpahan Mikroplastik di Biota Perairan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-648
Author(s):  
Saptian Wisnu Sandra ◽  
Arlini Dyah Radityaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Saccostrea Cucullata ◽  
Zeus Faber

Sampah plastik dapat terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik (MP) dan nanoplastik (NP) melalui proses fisik, kimia, dan biologis. MP didefinisikan sebagai partikel plastik kecil berukuran < 5 mm. MP saat ini telah ditemukan di tubuh biota perairan, baik perairan permukaan maupun perairan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji MP pada biota perairan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur terhadap artikel publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Kajian dilakukan terhadap kelimpahan, ukuran, bentuk, warna, dan komposisi MP pada biota perairan permukaan dan laut. Review dilakukan terhadap penelitian di Indonesia dan berbagai wilayah di negara lain. Beberapa metode pengambilan sampel biota perairan yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdahulu yaitu menggunakan trawl atau pukat dasar (jaring polietilen), jaring pukat pantai (10 m x 1,5 m; ukuran mata jaring: 8 mm). Identifikasi MP pada saluran pencernakan biota ikan dilakukan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% selama 24 jam pada suhu 60°C, selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan dengan kertas saring Whatman. Selanjutnya, proses identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop okuler dan FTIR untuk menentukan ukuran, bentuk, dan jenis polimer. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan MP terbanyak pada biota perairan masing-masing yaitu 468 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus) di perairan sungai; 18 partikel MP/individu pada Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) di perairan payau; 1,4 – 7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Tiram (Saccostrea cucullata) di perairan muara; 22,21 ± 1,7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Thryssa kammalensis di perairan teluk; 2,7 ± 0,10 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Zeus faber di perairan selat; dan 22,3 partikel MP/individu pada Diadema sp. (Bulu babi) di perairan laut. MP yang dominan pada biota perairan adalah berukuran 20 μm – 50 μm, berbentuk fiber, dan berwarna hitam. Polyethylene (PE) ditemukan dominan pada biota perairan permukaan, serta polyprophylene (PP) dan polyethylene (PE) pada biota perairan laut.ABSTRACTPlastic wastes could be degraded into microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) through physical, chemical, and biological processes. MP was defined as the small particle of plastic with the size of < 5 mm. Currently, MP has been found in the body of aquatic biota both in the surface and sea water biota. This research aimed to investigate the microplastic content in aquatic biota. The study was conducted through literature review of the last 10 year published articles. The previous studies were reviewed in terms of abundance, size, shape, colour, and polymer type of MP in the aquatic biota in Indonesia and areas of other countries. Sampling of aquatic biota in the previous studies was conducted in several methods using trawling or bottom trawl (polyethylene net), beach trawl net (10 m x 1.5 m; mesh size: 8 mm). Identification of MP in the digestive tract of fish was conducted using 10% KOH solution for 24 hours at a temperature of 60°C, then was filtered using Whatman filter paper. Next, the identification process used an ocular microscope and FTIR to determine the polymer. The result demonstrated that the highest number of MP abundance was 468 MP particles/individual in the cattle fish (Hypostomus plecostomus) species in the river water; 18 MP particles/individual in the black nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus) species in the brackish water; 1.4 – 7 MP particles/individual in the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) species in the estuary water; 22.21 ± 1.7 MP particles/individual in the Thryssa kammalensis fish species in the gulf water; 2.7 ± 0.10 MP particles/individual in the Zeus faber fish species in the strait water; and 22.3 MP particles/individual in the Diadema sp. (sea urchin) in the sea water. The most dominant MP size, shape, and colour in the aquatic biota was 20 μm – 50 μm, fiber, and black. Polyethylene (PE) was dominant in the surface water biota, whereas, polyprophylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in the sea water biota.

scholarly journals Expanded description of Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), parasitizing native and introduced fishes in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Kozlowiski de Azevedo ◽  
Vanessa Doro Abdallah ◽  
Reinaldo José da Silva ◽  
Tatiana M. Pegado de Azevedo ◽  
Maurício Laterça Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Astronotus Ocellatus ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Introduced Fishes

An occurrence of the copepod Lamproglena monodi Capart, 1944, parasitizing freshwater fishes in Brazil is presented, along with new morphological data. This crustacean was originally described parasitizing several cichlids in Africa. In the present study, the crustaceans were collected from the body surface and gills of two fish species native to Brazil [Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) and Cichla ocellaris Bloch and Schneider, 1801] and two introduced species [Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)]. The Brazilian specimens exhibited some morphometric intraspecies differences in relation to the specimens from Congo-Kinshasa and Egypt.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES IN THE ORGANISMS OF SOME PREDATORY FISH SPECIES IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Pudovkin ◽  
Peter Vladimirovich Smutnev
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pike Perch

The authors of the article have studied the content of the elements of anti-oxidant system (malondialdehyde, catalase, selenium) in tissues of the internal organs (gills, intestine, muscles, liver, swimbladder, scales) in some species of predatory fish (pike Esox lucius (L., 1758), perch Perca fluviatilis (L., 1758), pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L., 1758), catfish Silurus glanis ) widespread in the basin of the Volga river in the Saratov region. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde in organisms of the studied fish species is observed in fall and winter; the highest - in spring and summer. Catalase activity in gills tissue of a pike raised in 11.8%, cat-fish - 9.1%, pike-perch - 7.5%, perch - 7.8%. In fall (compared to winter) enzyme activity lowering in gonads of pike-perch makes 16.3%, in gonads of perch - 14.4%. In other tissues there were not observed any evident changes of catalase activity. Fish species under consideration are listed according to the average value of selenium concentration in organisms, µg/g: pike (0.208) > catfish (0.207) > pike-perch (0.196) > perch (0.178). According to the average value of the selenium accumulation in the body in different season all the studied species can be placed in the following order, µg/g: winter-pike (0.132) > pike-perch (0.136) > perch and catfish (0.142); spring - pike-perch (0.190) > perch (0.191) > pike (0.208) > catfish (0.209); summer - perch (0.186) > pike-perch (0.190) > catfish and pike (0.203); autumn - perch (0.193) > pike-perch (0.268) > > catfish (0.274) > pike (0.289).

BAHAN ORGANIK TERLARUT DALAM AIR LAUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Dwi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Cation Distribution ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

Seawater contains high amounts of organic material and ions causing high salinity.The distribution of nutrients in the ocean is determined by ocean circulation, biological processes of uptake and mineralization, and subsequent regeneration of nutrients by migration of animals and by supply from the land.Topic related to sea water is important to discuss and to be a challenging with many researchers in Indonesia. In this paper, organic mater from sea water was learned in detail. The information contained of formulation history, justifi cation, distribution, advantages, and method of measure, type and effect to environment.Keywords: organic material, sea water, dissolved

scholarly journals Insights into how environment shapes post-mortem RNA transcription in mouse brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Severino Bonadio ◽  
Larissa Barbosa Nunes ◽  
Patricia Natália S. Moretti ◽  
Juliana Forte Mazzeu ◽  
Stefano Cagnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gene Expression Alterations ◽  
Upregulated Genes

AbstractMost biological features that occur on the body after death were already deciphered by traditional medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms triggered in the cellular microenvironment are not fully comprehended yet. Previous studies reported gene expression alterations in the post-mortem condition, but little is known about how the environment could influence RNA degradation and transcriptional regulation. In this work, we analysed the transcriptome of mouse brain after death under three concealment simulations (air exposed, buried, and submerged). Our analyses identified 2,103 genes differentially expressed in all tested groups 48 h after death. Moreover, we identified 111 commonly upregulated and 497 commonly downregulated genes in mice from the concealment simulations. The gene functions shared by the individuals from the tested environments were associated with RNA homeostasis, inflammation, developmental processes, cell communication, cell proliferation, and lipid metabolism. Regarding the altered biological processes, we identified that the macroautophagy process was enriched in the upregulated genes and lipid metabolism was enriched in the downregulated genes. On the other hand, we also described a list of biomarkers associated with the submerged and buried groups, indicating that these environments can influence the post-mortem RNA abundance in its particular way.

Sodium Regulation and Adaptation to Fresh Water in Gammarid Crustaceans

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-380
Author(s):  
D. W. SUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outward Diffusion ◽  
Gammarus Zaddachi ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Sodium Regulation

1. Sodium uptake and loss rates are given for three gammarids acclimatized to media ranging from fresh water to undiluted sea water. 2. In Gammarus zaddachi and G. tigrinus the sodium transporting system at the body surface is half-saturated at an external concentration of about 1 mM/l. and fully saturated at about 10 mM/l. sodium. In Marinogammarus finmarchicus the respective concentrations are six to ten times higher. 3. M. finmarchicus is more permeable to water and salts than G. zaddachi and G. tigrinus. Estimated urine flow rates were equivalent to 6.5% body weight/hr./ osmole gradient at 10°C. in M. finmarchicus and 2.8% body weight/hr./osmole gradient in G. zaddachi. The permeability of the body surface to outward diffusion of sodium was four times higher in M. finmarchicus, but sodium losses across the body surface represent at least 50% of the total losses in both M. finmarchicus and G. zaddachi. 4. Calculations suggest that G. zaddachi produces urine slightly hypotonic to the blood when acclimatized to the range 20% down to 2% sea water. In fresh water the urine sodium concentration is reduced to a very low level. 5. The process of adaptation to fresh water in gammarid crustaceans is illustrated with reference to a series of species from marine, brackish and freshwater habitats.

Zinc Regulation in the Lobster Homarus Gammarus: Importance of Different Pathways of Absorption and Excretion

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bryan ◽  
L. G. Hummerstone ◽  
Eileen Ward
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Homarus Gammarus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Concentration

Zinc is one of the most important of the essential trace metals and more than 90 zinc-containing enymes and proteins have been discovered: furthermore, zinc increases the activity of many other enzymes (Vallee, 1978). It is not surprising, therefore, that in some groups of animals the body concentration is regulated against fluctuations in intake. Decapod crustaceans comprise one such group, although the ways in which regulation is achieved vary from species to species. In the freshwater crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes, excretion in the faeces is a major pathway for removing zinc (Bryan, 1967a) whereas in the shore crab Carcinus maenas losses over the body surface also assume considerable importance (Bryan, 1966). On the other hand, preliminary work on the lobster Homarus gammarus (formerly H. vulgaris) suggests that in this species urinary excretion plays a major role in regulation (Bryan, 1964). The present work continues the study of zinc regulation in lobsters and its main aims are: (1) to measure rates of absorption from sea water over a wide range of concentrations and study the uptake mechanism; (2) to examine absorption from the stomach under different conditions; (3) to determine the relative importance of different pathways for the removal of zinc in response to various levels of intake.

The size selectivity of whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) caught by gillnet in the eastern Black Sea of Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544
Author(s):  
Ferhat Kalaycı ◽  
Tuncay Yeşılçıçek
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
Selectivity Curve ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus

The size selectivity of traditional gillnets for whiting, (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) was investigated in the eastern Black Sea between June 2010 and June 2011. Experimental fishing operations were carried out by using gillnets of 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh size. A total of 2038 specimens belonging to 16 different fish species were caught during the experiment. The Share Each Length's Catch Total method was used to fit gillnet selectivity curves. Gillnet selectivity was best described by a bi-modal selectivity curve. The modal catch sizes were estimated as 14.81, 15.74, 16.66, 18.51 and 20.37 cm for 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh sizes, respectively. Modal lengths and spread values increased with increasing mesh size. The majority of fish (71.8%) caught by 16 mm mesh size were less than the length at first sexual maturity.

scholarly journals Habitat partitioning, habits and convergence among coastal nektonic fish species from the São Sebastião Channel, southeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Zaniolo Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Performance ◽  
Intimate Link

Based on a fish survey and preliminary underwater observations, 17 "morphotypes" were identified that characterize the morphological diversity found within 27 nektonic fish species sampled at São Sebastião Channel. Such "morphotypes" were studied using an ecomorphological approach, with the intention to investigate similarities and differences in shape and habits. Underwater field observations were also performed, to verify if the lifestyle of these species, such as vertical occupation of the water column and the habitat use, are in accordance with their distribution in the morphospace. The results, complemented with data from scientific literature on the taxonomy and phylogenies of these species, allowed discussing some of the typical cases of convergent and divergent evolution. Some of the ecomorphological clusters had no phylogenetic support although this is probably due to the environmental conditions in which theirs members have evolved. The body shape and fins positions of a fish clearly influence its ecological performance and habitat use, corroborating the ecomorphological hypothesis on the intimate link between phenotype and ecology.

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