MORPHOHISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS OF GOATS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LEAD-CADMIUM INTOXICATION WHEN THEY ARE KEPT IN THE ZONE OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION [

The article is devoted to the study of the content of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in the liver and kidneys of young goats of the Russian breed in the zone of technogenic pollution. It is determined that the content of toxic elements in the studied organs increases with age

The modifying impact of melaxen on the genotoxic effects of chronic cadmium intoxication in rats

С использованием микроядерного теста было показано протекторное влияние мелаксена (10 мг/кг) при хронической экспериментальной интоксикации кадмием (0,3 мг/кг) в крови крыс, p<0,001. Исследуемый лекарственный препарат продемонстрировал способность снижать ожидаемое число микроядер и полихроматофильных эритроцитов (ПХЭ), индуцированных кадмием при двухнедельной и месячной экспозиции. При хроническом внутрижелудочном введении мелаксена не зафиксирован рост числа микроядер и ПХЭ по сравнению с контролем, p>0,05. Using the micronucleus test, the protective effect of melaxen (10 mg / kg) was shown in chronic experimental cadmium intoxication (0.3 mg / kg) in rat blood, p <0.001. The studied remedy demonstrated the ability to reduce the expected number of micronuclei and polychromatophilic red blood cells (PCE) induced by cadmium during two-week and one-month exposure. In chronic intragastric injection of melaxen, an increase in the number of micronuclei and PCEs was not registered in comparison with the control, p> 0.05.

The Role of Antioxidants in the Prevention of Cadmium-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction

Background: Cadmium is a worldwide spread toxicant that accumulates in tissues and affects many organs, mainly through oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is often associated with cardiovascular diseases and, when it affects vessels, it induces endothelial dysfunction, which, in turn, could precipitate atherosclerosis and hypertension. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest antioxidant supplementation as a therapy against cadmiuminduced endothelial dysfunction. Objective: This literature review aims to present the mechanisms involving oxidative stress in which cadmium induces endothelial dysfunction and the benefits of antioxidant supplementation as a therapeutic strategy against its harmful effects. Methods: On PubMed Central, articles that contemplated studies on cadmium intoxication and associated oxidative stress with endothelial dysfunction as well as articles that reported the use of antioxidant supplementation in an attempt to prevent or avoid endothelial dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure were selected. Results: Most of the studies that associated cadmium intoxication with endothelial dysfunction suggested oxidative stress as the major mechanism for this damage. Furthermore, experimental studies also revealed that the administration of substances with antioxidant properties, such as ascorbic acid and curcumin, has beneficial effects on the prevention of such dysfunction, reducing reactive oxygen species within the vessels, preventing a reduction in the amount of glutathione and the increase in blood pressure observed in animals exposed to cadmium. Conclusion: Antioxidant therapy demonstrated to be a potential treatment to reduce cardiovascular injuries provoked by cadmium, but more studies are needed to determine the best antioxidant substance and dose to treat or avoid this complication.

Protective Effect of Grape and Apple Juices against Cadmium Intoxication in the Kidney of Rats

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate protective effect of grape and apple juices against toxicity induced by cadmium in the kidney of rats. Methods A total of 20 male-Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n=5): Control group: animals received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.9% saline solution and after 15 days, 1 mL of water was administered for 15 days, via gavage; Cadmium group: animals received an intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg) and after 15 days, 1 mL of water was administered for 15 days via gavage; Cadmium+Grape Juice: animals received an i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg), and after 15 days, 0.8 mL of grape juice was administered for 15 days, via gavage; Cadmium+Apple Juice: animals received i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg) and after 15 days, 1.0 mL of apple juice was administered for 15 days, via gavage. Results Histopathological analysis revealed severe tubular lesion and necrosis in the group exposed to cadmium, while animals exposed to grape or apple juices showed a significant reduction of tissue injury. 8-OHdG immunoexpression, DNA damage, cytochrome C and catalase gene expressions and Toll like signaling pathway (TLR2, and pIKKα/β) decreased in animals treated with grape juice when compared to cadmium group. Conclusion Taken together, we conclude that grape and apple juices had a protective effect by means of antioxidant, antigenotoxic actions and for promoting tissue regeneration in the kidney of rats following cadmium intoxication.