Аналіз статистичних показників дисперсії, асиметрії та ексцесу при визначенні порушень інформаційної безпеки кіберфізичних систем вітрових генераторів

The active introduction of intelligent systems that closely interact with physical processes to solve a wide range of different tasks of human life increases the relevance of risk analysis associated with the functioning of such systems. Such hybrid complex intelligent systems belong to the class of cyberphysical systems (CPS). Violations of CPS security caused by outside interference in the information flow can lead to economic losses, environmental threats, and threats to human life and health. A significant increase in incidents of violation of the safety of CPS wind turbines determines the relevance of research on methods for protecting such systems. The subject matter of the study in the article is the process of determining violations of the information security of the CPS of a wind generator based on the analysis of statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the input parameter "Power" collected by CPS sensors. The goal is to develop an algorithm for determining violations of the information security of the CPS using methods for analyzing statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis. The tasks to be solved are: to formalize the process of identifying falsified data in the information flow of the CPS; to determine the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for ensuring the information security of the CPS; to determine the degree of changes in statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the sample of the "Power" parameter of the wind generator in the presence of misinformation in the information flow; to analyze the possibility of supplementing and further improving the proposed algorithm. The methods used are analysis of statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the sample of the parameter "Power" of the wind generator. The following results are obtained: the general characteristics of the CPS and features of the functioning of the CPS of the wind turbine as the object of research of this work are considered; an initial algorithm for determining violations of the information security of the CPS of wind turbine based on the use of statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and excess is developed; the fact of artificial substitution of data for the parameter "power" of the information flow of the CPS of a wind turbine is determined; ways to improve the developed algorithm using one-factor variance analysis, bootstrap methods are proposed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists of the development of an improved algorithm for determining the fact of data falsification in the CPS information flow based on the analysis of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis indicators; the use of a statistical method for determining CPS security violations, analyzing the shortcomings of existing methods for determining CPS security violations and the possibility of their comprehensive improvement. The issues of the possibility of improving the developed method and testing the method in the future are also considered.

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SEISMIC RISK AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES: CASE STUDY ON A BLACK CARBON PLANT

10.31219/osf.io/5aswh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

George Karagiannakis

Keyword(s):

Seismic Risk ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Fragility Curves ◽

Human Life ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Risk And Resilience ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Plant Equipment

This paper deals with state of the art risk and resilience calculations for industrial plants. Resilience is a top priority issue on the agenda of societies due to climate change and the all-time demand for human life safety and financial robustness. Industrial plants are highly complex systems containing a considerable number of equipment such as steel storage tanks, pipe rack-piping systems, and other installations. Loss Of Containment (LOC) scenarios triggered by past earthquakes due to failure on critical components were followed by severe repercussions on the community, long recovery times and great economic losses. Hence, facility planners and emergency managers should be aware of possible seismic damages and should have already established recovery plans to maximize the resilience and minimize the losses. Seismic risk assessment is the first step of resilience calculations, as it establishes possible damage scenarios. In order to have an accurate risk analysis, the plant equipment vulnerability must be assessed; this is made feasible either from fragility databases in the literature that refer to customized equipment or through numerical calculations. Two different approaches to fragility assessment will be discussed in this paper: (i) code-based Fragility Curves (FCs); and (ii) fragility curves based on numerical models. A carbon black process plant is used as a case study in order to display the influence of various fragility curve realizations taking their effects on risk and resilience calculations into account. Additionally, a new way of representing the total resilience of industrial installations is proposed. More precisely, all possible scenarios will be endowed with their weighted recovery curves (according to their probability of occurrence) and summed together. The result is a concise graph that can help stakeholders to identify critical plant equipment and make decisions on seismic mitigation strategies for plant safety and efficiency. Finally, possible mitigation strategies, like structural health monitoring and metamaterial-based seismic shields are addressed, in order to show how future developments may enhance plant resilience. The work presented hereafter represents a highly condensed application of the research done during the XP-RESILIENCE project, while more detailed information is available on the project website https://r.unitn.it/en/dicam/xp-resilience.

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The Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Morbidity in Patients With Sleep Apnoea

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.10.3738 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 3738-3740

Keyword(s):

Day Surgery ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Therapeutic Modalities ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact ◽

Surgery Center

The Tonsillectomy in children or adults is an intervention commonly encountered in the ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) and Head and Neck surgeon practice. The current tendency is to perform this type of surgery in major ambulatory surgery centers. Two objectives are thus pursued: first of all, the increase of the patient quality of life through the reintegration into the family as quickly as possible and secondly, the expenses associated with continuous hospitalization are reduced. Any tertiary (multidisciplinary) sleep center must ensure the complete diagnosis and treatment (including surgery) of sleep respiratory disorders. Under these conditions the selection of patients and especially the implementation of the specific protocols in order to control the postoperative complications it becomes essential. The present paper describes our experience of tonsillectomy as treatment for selected patients with chronic rhonchopathy (snoring) and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. It was presented the impact of antibiotics protocols in reducing the main morbid outcomes following tonsillectomy, in our day surgery center. The obtained results can also be a prerequisite for the integrative approach of the patients with sleep apnoea who were recommended surgical treatment. Considering the wide range of therapeutic modalities used in sleep apnoea, each with its specific advantages and disadvantages, more extensive and multicenter studies are needed. Keywords: post-tonsillectomy morbidity, day surgery center, sleep disorders

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Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11110645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

James R. Smith ◽

W. Thomas Shier

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

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Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Air Soil and Water Research ◽

10.1177/11786221211028185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117862212110281

Author(s):

Nieves Fernandez-Anez ◽

Andrey Krasovskiy ◽

Mortimer Müller ◽

Harald Vacik ◽

Jan Baetens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wildland Fire ◽

Human Life ◽

Local Analysis ◽

Wildland Fires ◽

Fire Statistics ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fire Patterns

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.

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Advancements in Assessments of Bio-Tissue Engineering and Viable Cell Delivery Matrices Using Bile Acid-Based Pharmacological Biotechnologies

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11071861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1861

Author(s):

Armin Mooranian ◽

Melissa Jones ◽

Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽

Daniel Walker ◽

Susbin Raj Wagle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Viable Cell ◽

Cell Delivery ◽

Artificial Organ ◽

Bioartificial Pancreas ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Wide Range ◽

Bioartificial Organs ◽

Significant Interest ◽

Modern Technologies

The utilisation of bioartificial organs is of significant interest to many due to their versatility in treating a wide range of disorders. Microencapsulation has a potentially significant role in such organs. In order to utilise microcapsules, accurate characterisation and analysis is required to assess their properties and suitability. Bioartificial organs or transplantable microdevices must also account for immunogenic considerations, which will be discussed in detail. One of the most characterized cases is the investigation into a bioartificial pancreas, including using microencapsulation of islets or other cells, and will be the focus subject of this review. Overall, this review will discuss the traditional and modern technologies which are necessary for the characterisation of properties for transplantable microdevices or organs, summarizing analysis of the microcapsule itself, cells and finally a working organ. Furthermore, immunogenic considerations of such organs are another important aspect which is addressed within this review. The various techniques, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages will all be discussed. Hence, the purpose of this review is providing an updated examination of all processes for the analysis of a working, biocompatible artificial organ.

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Research on Zero-Voltage Ride Through Control Strategy of Doubly Fed Wind Turbine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2287

Author(s):

Kaina Qin ◽

Shanshan Wang ◽

Zhongjian Kang

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Power ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dc Bus ◽

Doubly Fed ◽

Zero Voltage

With the rapid increase in the proportion of the installed wind power capacity in the total grid capacity, the state has put forward higher and higher requirements for wind power integration into the grid, among which the most difficult requirement is the zero-voltage ride through (ZVRT) capability of the wind turbine. When the voltage drops deeply, a series of transient processes, such as serious overvoltage, overcurrent, or speed rise, will occur in the motor, which will seriously endanger the safe operation of the wind turbine itself and its control system, and cause large-scale off-grid accident of wind generator. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the uninterrupted operation ability of the wind turbine. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) can achieve the best wind energy tracking control in a wide range of wind speed and has the advantage of flexible power regulation. It is widely used at present, but it is sensitive to the grid voltage. In the current study, the DFIG is taken as the research object. The transient process of the DFIG during a fault is analyzed in detail. The mechanism of the rotor overcurrent and DC bus overvoltage of the DFIG during fault is studied. Additionally, the simulation model is built in DIgSILENT. The active crowbar hardware protection circuit is put into the rotor side of the wind turbine, and the extended state observer and terminal sliding mode control are added to the grid side converter control. Through the cooperative control technology, the rotor overcurrent and DC bus overvoltage can be suppressed to realize the zero-voltage ride-through of the doubly fed wind turbine, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the wind farm. Finally, the simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis and the proposed control strategy.

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Integration of early disease-resistance phenotyping, histological characterization, and transcriptome sequencing reveals insights into downy mildew resistance in impatiens

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00543-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ze Peng ◽

Yanhong He ◽

Saroj Parajuli ◽

Qian You ◽

Weining Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Early Stage ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Early Disease ◽

True Leaf ◽

Cotyledon Stage ◽

Wide Range

AbstractDowny mildew (DM), caused by obligate parasitic oomycetes, is a destructive disease for a wide range of crops worldwide. Recent outbreaks of impatiens downy mildew (IDM) in many countries have caused huge economic losses. A system to reveal plant–pathogen interactions in the early stage of infection and quickly assess resistance/susceptibility of plants to DM is desired. In this study, we established an early and rapid system to achieve these goals using impatiens as a model. Thirty-two cultivars of Impatiens walleriana and I. hawkeri were evaluated for their responses to IDM at cotyledon, first/second pair of true leaf, and mature plant stages. All I. walleriana cultivars were highly susceptible to IDM. While all I. hawkeri cultivars were resistant to IDM starting at the first true leaf stage, many (14/16) were susceptible to IDM at the cotyledon stage. Two cultivars showed resistance even at the cotyledon stage. Histological characterization showed that the resistance mechanism of the I. hawkeri cultivars resembles that in grapevine and type II resistance in sunflower. By integrating full-length transcriptome sequencing (Iso-Seq) and RNA-Seq, we constructed the first reference transcriptome for Impatiens comprised of 48,758 sequences with an N50 length of 2060 bp. Comparative transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed strong candidate genes for IDM resistance, including three resistance genes orthologous to the sunflower gene RGC203, a potential candidate associated with DM resistance. Our approach of integrating early disease-resistance phenotyping, histological characterization, and transcriptome analysis lay a solid foundation to improve DM resistance in impatiens and may provide a model for other crops.

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Ureido Functionalization through Amine-Urea Transamidation under Mild Reaction Conditions

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1583

Author(s):

Natalia Guerrero-Alburquerque ◽

Shanyu Zhao ◽

Daniel Rentsch ◽

Matthias M. Koebel ◽

Marco Lattuada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Media ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Secondary Amines ◽

Isocyanic Acid ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Major Disadvantage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Full Conversion

Ureido-functionalized compounds play an indispensable role in important biochemical processes, as well as chemical synthesis and production. Isocyanates, and KOCN in particular, are the preferred reagents for the ureido functionalization of amine-bearing compounds. In this study, we evaluate the potential of urea as a reagent to graft ureido groups onto amines at relatively low temperatures (<100 °C) in aqueous media. Urea is an inexpensive, non-toxic and biocompatible potential alternative to KOCN for ureido functionalization. From as early as 1864, urea was the go-to reagent for polyurea polycondensation, before falling into disuse after the advent of isocyanate chemistry. We systematically re-investigate the advantages and disadvantages of urea for amine transamidation. High ureido-functionalization conversion was obtained for a wide range of substrates, including primary and secondary amines and amino acids. Reaction times are nearly independent of substrate and pH, but excess urea is required for practically feasible reaction rates. Near full conversion of amines into ureido can be achieved within 10 h at 90 °C and within 24 h at 80 °C, and much slower reaction rates were determined at lower temperatures. The importance of the urea/amine ratio and the temperature dependence of the reaction rates indicate that urea decomposition into an isocyanic acid or a carbamate intermediate is the rate-limiting step. The presence of water leads to a modest increase in reaction rates, but the full conversion of amino groups into ureido groups is also possible in the absence of water in neat alcohol, consistent with a reaction mechanism mediated by an isocyanic acid intermediate (where the water assists in the proton transfer). Hence, the reaction with urea avoids the use of toxic isocyanate reagents by in situ generation of the reactive isocyanate intermediate, but the requirement to separate the excess urea from the reaction product remains a major disadvantage.

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Insecticidal activity of citronella grass essential oil on Frankliniella schultzei and Myzus persicae

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542013000200004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 138-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Patrícia Fontes Pinheiro ◽

Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz ◽

Vando Miossi Rondelli ◽

Adilson Vidal Costa ◽

Tiago de Paula Marcelino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Frankliniella Schultzei ◽

Wide Range ◽

Citronella Grass

The thrips, Frankliniella schultzei, and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, cause direct damage to plants of economic importance and transmit phytoviruses, causing large economic losses. Chemical constituents of essential oils present a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate insecticidal activity of essential oil from citronella grass, Cymbopogon winterianus, on F. schultzei and M. persicae. This essential oil was obtained by steam distillation and components were identified by GC/FID and GC/MS. A Potter spray tower was used to spray insects with the essential oil. The major constituents are geraniol (28.62%), citronellal (23.62%) and citronellol (17.10%). Essential oil of C. winterianus at 1% (w v-1) causes mortality in F. schultzei and M. persicae at 34.3% and 96.9%, respectively. The LC50 value for M. persicae was 0.36% and LC90 0.66%. Thus, citronella grass essential oil at 1% (w v-1) is more toxic to M. persicae than F. schultzei. This essential oil shows promise for developing pesticides to manage M. persicae.

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The hybrid intelligent systems design using grey systems theory

Grey Systems Theory and Application ◽

10.1108/gs-05-2015-0022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 194-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Scarlat Emil ◽

Virginia Mărăcine

Keyword(s):

Systems Theory ◽

Intelligent Systems ◽

Explicit Knowledge ◽

Intelligent System ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Knowledge Flows ◽

Content Type ◽

Hybrid Intelligent Systems ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Grey Systems Theory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how tacit and explicit knowledge determine grey knowledge and how these are stimulated through interactions within networks, forming the grey hybrid intelligent systems (HISs). The feedback processes and mechanisms between internal and external knowledge determine the apparition of grey knowledge into an intelligent system (IS). The extension of ISs is determined by the ubiquity of the internet but, in our framework, the grey knowledge flows assure the viability and effectiveness of these systems. Design/methodology/approach – Some characteristics of the Hybrid Intelligent Knowledge Systems are put forward along with a series of models of hybrid computational intelligence architectures. More, relevant examples from the literature related to the hybrid systems architectures are presented, underlying their main advantages and disadvantages. Findings – Due to the lack of a common framework it remains often difficult to compare the various HISs conceptually and evaluate their performance comparatively. Different applications in different areas are needed for establishing the best combinations between models that are designed using grey, fuzzy, neural network, genetic, evolutionist and other methods. But all these systems are knowledge dependent, the main flow that is used in all parts of every kind of system being the knowledge. Grey knowledge is an important part of the real systems and the study of its proprieties using the methods and techniques of grey system theory remains an important direction of the researches. Originality/value – The paper discusses the differences among the three types of knowledge and how they and the grey systems theory can be used in different hybrid architectures.

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