IFRS 16 - Impact on the Assets of the Major Airlines Operating in Brazil

The article aims to study the impacts that the adoption of IFRS 16 will have on the financial position, that is, what will be the impact on the total value of assets of airlines operating in the Brazilian market. It is evident that the new accounting of aircraft acquired through operating leases, an essential tool for any company in the sector, is fully in line with the essence of the operation. Therefore, the authors structured the methodology through a comparison of indicators between 3 companies in the Brazilian airline industry, together with data collection through accounting information obtained in explanatory notes on future payments of operating leases. The findings show that, with IFRS 16, there were significant changes in the indebtedness indicators of companies, due to the significant changes in the accounting of assets, affecting the capital structure and profitability of companies.

PENERAPAN KAPITALISASI SEWA OPERASI TERHADAP LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN RASIO KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of capitalization on operating leases based on the latest accounting standards, namely PSAK 73 which is applicable in the preparation of financial reports related to lease activities. The impact of the convergence of PSAK 73 application of IFRS 16 introduces a single accounting model that applies to the lessee party, while for the lessor there is no difference with the previous standard. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research with the data used is secondary data by utilizing the data available in the annual reports and financial reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the period 2018-2019. Secondary data is taken by pulling company data that reveals the value of the future minimum lease payments regarding the operating lease in the company's financial statements. The research sample used in this study is a company listed on the Indonsia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2019 period, with the criteria that the company states that the type of lease transaction is an operating lease and provides information on the minimum value of lease payments in the future. The constructive capitalization lease method was developed by Imhof, et al. (1991). Data analysis methods include descriptive statistical testing and Paired T-Test and Anova test using the Minitab 16 statistical application software. The results of this study indicate that operating lease capitalization has a significant effect on unrecorded lease liability, unrecorded lease assets, equity, and financial ratios. . Also, empirical evidence shows that there are tax savings from capitalizing operating leases

IJARAH DALAM KEUANGAN ISLAM

This study aims to find out how Ijarah in Islamic finance. This research is a type of library research (libraty research) which focuses on qualitative data management with data analysis methods using descriptive-analysis method. The results of this study are: In Banking, two types of Ijarah. The first ijarah is done in cash between the bank as a renter and the one who rents out services. The second ijarah is made in installments between banks as tenants to customers. The bank also takes advantage of this ijarah transaction. Islamic banks that operate ijarah products do leasing, both in the form of operating leases or financial leases. But in general, more Islamic banks use ijarah vomiting tamlik bit (IMBT) because it is simpler in terms of bookkeeping. Ijarah contract development is also known as ijarah muntia bi at-tamlik (IMBT).

Are leases substitutes or complements to debt? Insights from an analysis of debt covenants

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between off-balance-sheet (OBS) operating leases and long-term debt by analyzing firms’ debt risk profiles measured by the constraints on firms in the financial ratios in their debt covenants. Design/methodology/approach This study determines debt risk profiles using three measures: the ex ante probability of covenant violation (Demerjian and Owens, 2016), firms in violation of debt covenants and firms close to covenant violations. Findings High-risk firms according to all three measures, on average, have a significantly lower level of operating leases, indicating that these firms use OBS leases as a substitute for long-term debt. Interestingly, for firms operating in industries in which leases are widely available, firms with a high probability of covenant violation have a significantly higher level of operating leases, indicating that these firms use OBS leases as a complement to long-term debt. Further analysis indicates that lease financing is less costly than debt financing for these firms. Research limitations/implications Overall, evidence of this study indicates that firms facing financial constraints may attempt to lease more of their assets, but the availability of leasing is constrained by their debt covenant obligations and the strength of the leasing market in its industry. Originality/value This study identifies states in which risky firms may treat leases as either complements or substitutes for long-term debt, implying that the leasing decision relates to the availability of an active leasing market for a firm’s assets and the firm’s financial constraints. The findings of this study support recent research showing that debt and leases are complementary in the presence of counterparty risk providing insight into the paradoxical relationship identified in prior research between leases and long-term debt.

Special issues of IFRS application in Russian organizations

In modern conditions, Russian accounting is increasingly oriented to international standards. Accounting for leasing relations is also subject to changes that are associated with the transition of Russian accounting to international financial reporting standards (IFRS). In 2016, a new standard was approved for accounting for leases in public sector organizations - the SPS “Leases” (entered into force on January 1, 2018). For other organizations, on October 16, 2018, FAS 25 “Lease accounting” was approved. This standard introduces the type of asset - the right to lease, which represents a new format for accounting methodological documents. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the application of FAS 25 “Lease accounting” based on the new IFRS 16 “Leases” in accounting for operating leases of Russian organizations. The authors consider the lease relations of economic entities of the Russian economy using the example of pharmacy organizations, in particular, the main aspects of FAS 25, the procedure for accounting for operating leases from the perspective of a lessee and lessor, features of accounting for sublease, leaseback, lease on special terms, as well as disclosure of lease information in accounting (financial) statements. The methodological basis of the study consisted of elements of the accounting method (system of accounts, double entry book-keeping, reporting) and tools of economic analysis (method of comparison, absolute and relative values, tabular and graphical representations of data, coefficient method). As a result of the study, an operating lease accounting mechanism was proposed, which reflects the specifics of pharmacy organizations.

Dialogue with standard setters

The new accounting standard IFRS 16 Leases is the result of a long process of review of the criteria for recognizing and evaluating the lease on the financial statements. The need to promote a revision of the accounting criteria on leasing has been felt by many players of the financial system. IASB, FASB, EFRAG, financial institutions, auditors and preparers have supported a debate on leasing over the years, which has underlined the im-portance of representing and assessing the operating leases in the financial statements with criteria similar to the criteria utilised for the financial leasing in order to improve the quality and comparability of the financial information. The new standard IFRS 16 Leases will be effective for annual reporting periods begin-ning on or after 1 January 2019 and it will bring significant changes in accounting require-ments for lease accounting, primarily for lessees, replacing the existing suite of standards and interpretations on leases as per follows: - IAS 17 Leases (IAS 17) - IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease (IFRIC 4) - SIC 15 Operating Leases - Incentives (SIC 15) - SIC 27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease (SIC 27). The purpose of the following review is to analyse some of the main issues arising from the adoption of IFRS 16 Leases supported by the results of a recent effect analysis.