Development of imidacloprid and indoxacarb formulations to nanoformulations and their efficacy against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd)

Background The conventional pesticide formulations have many side effects on environmental. These effects were due to the huge quantity of pesticides used. Using of nanopesticide formulations can be reduced the quantity of pesticides used and subsequently decreased the cost of pest control and environment contamination. Results Indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles were developed. The size of nanoparticles ranged between 200 and 400 nm. The obtained results showed that the percentage of mortalities in second instar larvae of Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis were 95 and 75% in indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles, respectively. On the other hand, these percentages were 76.7 and 91.7%, respectively, with conventional formulations. In spite of one fifth of pesticide concentrations were used in nanoformulations, the LC50, s in nanoformulations were 2.9 and 15.9 ppm for indoxacarb and imidacloprid, respectively, compared to 34.3 and 66.5 in conventional formulation. The loading capacity in both indoxacarb nanoparticle and imidacloprid nanoparticle were 60.7 and 52.0%, respectively. Conclusion These results found that indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles were 12 and 4 times, respectively, more effective than indoxacarb and imidacloprid conventional formulations against the second instar larvae of S. littoralis. These results also showed that indoxacarb and imidacloprid nanoparticles can be used as effective formulations against the cotton leafworm larvae instead of the conventional formulation to reduce the environment contamination, control cost and pest population.

156. How Does Exposure to C. Diffogenic Antibiotics Impact Multidrug-resistant Organism Colonization and Environment Contamination in Nursing Homes?

Background Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) outcomes are often measured in the acute care setting, less is known about the effect of acute care antibiotic exposures on multidrug-resistant organism (MDROs) colonization of nursing home (NH) patients. We assessed exposure to antibiotics commonly associated with Clostridioides difficile (C. diffogenic agents) on post-acute care patient colonization and room environment contamination (Figure 1). Figure 1. Conceptual Diagram of Hospital Antibiotic Exposure’s Influence on Patient Colonization and Room Environment Contamination with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Methods MDRO surveillance of post-acute care patients in 6 NHs between 2013–16. We screened patient hands, nares, oropharynx, groin, perianal area, and high-touch room environment surfaces for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and resistant Gram-negative bacilli (rGNB). C. diffogenic agents were defined as fluoroquinolones, 3rd/4th generation cephalosporins, penicillin combinations, lincosamides, and carbapenems. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess whether hospital antibiotic exposure is an independent risk factor for MDRO colonization and room environment contamination on study enrollment. Results We enrolled 618 patients: average age was 74.4 years; 57.4% female; 62.3% white; 9.9% had indwelling devices (Table 1). Three hundred-fifty patients (56.6%) were MDRO colonized on enrollment: 98 (15.9%), MRSA; 208 (33.7%); VRE; 196 (31.7%), rGNB. Sixty-eight percent of patient rooms were MDRO contaminated: 166 (26.9%), MRSA; 293, (47.4%). VRE; 182 (29.5%), rGNB. A majority (59.4%) of patients were exposed to an antibiotic before admission. Of which, 239 (65.1%) were exposed to a C. diffogenic antibiotic. In multivariable analysis, C. diffogenic antibiotic exposure was an independent risk factor for MDRO colonization (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.35–2.79), MDRO room environment contamination (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.43–2.63), VRE colonization (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 2.59–6.90), and VRE room environment contamination (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 2.00–3.33). Table 1. Clinical Characteristics and MDRO Burden on Study Enrollment, Stratified by Hospital Antibiotic Exposure Status Multivariable Analysis of Hospital Antibiotic Exposure Status as Risk Factor for Proximal and Distal MDRO Outcomes Conclusion Hospital exposure to antibiotics is associated with an increased risk of VRE colonization and room environment contamination on NH study enrollment. These observations highlight the potential influence of hospital-based ASPs on MDRO prevalence and transmission in NHs. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe Sheath to Decrease Provider and Environment Contamination

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE LIMITATION OF ATTENDANCE OF PATIENTS WITH HIV-INFECTION, COMBINED WITH TUBERCULOSIS, AIDS CENTER POLYCLINICS TO THE FREQUENCY OF CONTAMINATION BY MYCOBACTERIA OF THE HOSPITAL FACILITY ENVIRONMENT

The attendance of patients with HIV infection, combined with tuberculosis, of different medical organizations was studied before and after limiting service of patients with co-infection in the AIDS center polyclinic. 163 flushes from the hospital environment of the AIDS centre polyclinic were studied by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of tuberculosis mycobacteria DNA. It was established that a decrease in the number of visits to a specialized polyclinic by the patients with HIV infection combined with tuberculosis was accompanied by a decrease in the degree of hospital facility environment contamination by tuberculosis mycobacteria.

MODULAR GARMENT AS A WAY TO ASSEMBLE THE READY-MADE CLOTHING

The awareness of sustainability is increasing in diverse industries, including fashion industry. The second-hand clothing trade might be considered as a way to make apparel more sustainable. However, the second-hand market adds to the environment contamination using toxic elements to disinfect the clothing. Enhancing the lifespan of product by making it transformable is another approach to sustainability. Transformable modular clothing is one of the alternatives to reduce consumption. Thus, this paper aims to develop a modular garment construction as a way of forming the ready-made clothing by the consumer himself. While fashion depends on continuous updates, the proposed way of assembling the ready-made clothing as a modular item allows the garment to last emotionally long enough to be addressed practically by consumers. An example of modular clothing is designed based on the typological range of women clothing. The range consists of different garment types, which might be transformed into each other. The principle of universality was applied as a basic principle of modular garment design. The universal basic garment designs were found for several different combinations of garment types. The technical information needed to design the modular garment is represented in a form of database of transformation elements.