Development of a New Shoe Fitting for Obese Adults

Background: Standard fit as well as wide-fit footwear not currently being pertinent and comfortable for the obese adults. The biometric measurements of obese foot (such as foot length, foot width, heel girth, instep girth, waist girth, and ball girth,) significantly differ from healthy adults. Aim: This study aims to develop a new shoe fitting for obese adults based on significant relationships among the relevant biometric parameters of the foot. Method: These measurements of obese foot were determined using a Brannock device and measuring tape. All kinds of foot girth measurements were analyzed against scaling based on foot width or current fitting, BMI, foot length, heel girth, instep girth, waist girth and ball girth and compared these data with ANOVA. Result: Results showed that responses of all kinds of girths against waist girth scaling provide best fitting prospects of obese adults than current standard fit as well as other parameters. Conclusion: From the study and results, it can be concluded that shoe fitting based on waist girth can give more precise comfort and improve the ergonomic fitness of the product for obese users. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 45-53

Abstract MP22: Association Of Intra-individual Daily Variability In Sleep With Metabolic Outcomes In Youth: Multidimensional Assessment Of Preschoolers Study (MAPS)

Background: Average nightly sleep duration is associated with cardiometabolic health; both short- and long-sleep are associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. An equally important measure of cardiometabolic health is an individual’s daily variability (DV) in sleep timing and duration. Greater intra-individual DV is associated with less favorable cardiometabolic health in adults, but less is known about the association of DV with cardiometabolic health in youth. We hypothesize that DV in sleep timing and duration is associated with less favorable body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure and waist girth among youth. Methods: Boys and girls aged 9-13 years old who wore the Actigraph GT-3X BT on their non-dominant wrist for a minimum of 4 days and had available measures of cardiometabolic health were included in the analysis (N=91). Validated algorithms from ActiLife software were used to determine daily total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset and time out of bed. We calculated DV in sleep onset, time out of bed and duration as the coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/overall mean). Average sleep measures were calculated across the days worn. We modeled the association of each sleep measure with metabolic outcomes using multivariable linear regression. Results: On average, participants slept for 7.23 (SD=1.4) hours per night, BMI percentile (BMI%) was 63.0 (SD=30.9), waist girth was 66.7 cm (SD=10.8) and systolic blood pressure percentile (SBP%) was 41.4 (SD= 21.4). Higher DV in sleep onset was associated with significantly higher BMI% and positively associated with SBP%. There was no association of average sleep measures with any outcomes. Findings were consistent by sex and age. Conclusions: Daily variability in time to sleep in youth was associated with higher BMI% and a modest association with SBP%. Future studies should test whether promoting consistent bedtimes can improve cardiometabolic health.

Effect of circuit strength training programme on waist-to-hip ratio of college students

The purpose of this study is to examine the amount of fat stored around the hips and thighs (waist-to-hip ratio) of college students in Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria, after a 12-week circuit strength training programme. The study adopted randomised pre-test post-test control group research design. Simple random sampling technique and fish bowl method with replacement were used. Anthropometric tape was the instrument used for the pre-test post-test data collection on the waist, girth and gluteal (hip girth) of participants. The two hypotheses formulated were tested with analysis of covariance statistics at a significant level of 0.05. It was observed that the intervention programme prevented the storage of fat around the hips and thighs of the experimental group from increasing to the level of high disease risk ≥ 1.00 for men and ≥ 0.85 for women. The study identified circuit strength training programme as a recipe to ameliorate hypokinetic conditions. Keywords: Circuit strength training, resistance exercise, waist girth, waits-to-hip ratio.

Effects of Resistance Exercise and Protein on Body Composition Following Weight Loss

Background: Research indicates that weight loss programs are effective for reducing body weight temporarily, but weight maintenance studies have been almost uniformly unsuccessful in preventing weight regain. Methods: Subjects who completed a 6-month weight loss study were invited to continue with a weight maintenance program. The weight loss study examined the effects of exercise (20 min strength, 20 min aerobics, twice weekly) and nutrition (1,200 to 1,800 kcal·d−1, 2 daily meal replacement protein shakes) on body weight and body composition. Weight loss program completers experienced improvements (P < 0.05) in body weight, percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth. Subjects who participated in the weight maintenance program performed the same strength and aerobic exercise protocol, but discontinued caloric restriction and decreased daily meal replacement protein shakes from 2 to 1. Results: After 6 months on the weight maintenance program, participants experienced improvement (P < 0.05) in percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth, with no significant change in body weight. A subgroup of subjects who continued the weight maintenance program for an additional 3 months experienced additional improvement (P < 0.05) in percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth, with no significant change in body weight. Conclusion: These findings indicated that a postdiet weight maintenance program incorporating 2 weekly resistance and aerobic exercise sessions coupled with a daily meal replacement protein shake was effective for avoiding weight regain and for improving body composition, with concurrent fat mass decrease and lean mass increase.