Development of a New Shoe Fitting for Obese Adults

Background: Standard fit as well as wide-fit footwear not currently being pertinent and comfortable for the obese adults. The biometric measurements of obese foot (such as foot length, foot width, heel girth, instep girth, waist girth, and ball girth,) significantly differ from healthy adults. Aim: This study aims to develop a new shoe fitting for obese adults based on significant relationships among the relevant biometric parameters of the foot. Method: These measurements of obese foot were determined using a Brannock device and measuring tape. All kinds of foot girth measurements were analyzed against scaling based on foot width or current fitting, BMI, foot length, heel girth, instep girth, waist girth and ball girth and compared these data with ANOVA. Result: Results showed that responses of all kinds of girths against waist girth scaling provide best fitting prospects of obese adults than current standard fit as well as other parameters. Conclusion: From the study and results, it can be concluded that shoe fitting based on waist girth can give more precise comfort and improve the ergonomic fitness of the product for obese users. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 45-53

Correlation of Anthropometry of Hand with Wrist Extensor Strength in Normal Asymptomatic Individuals

Introduction: Measurement of hand grip strength is the basic criteria for the evaluation of hand structure and function. The human hand serves various dynamic purposes in day to day activities of an individual. Infact, the entire upper limb is functional because of the hand. This study was carried out to find out if there is any relation between the anthropometric measurements of the hand and the wrist extensor strength of Indian adults. Methodology: A data was collected of 75 individuals with no pathological abnormalities from Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The consent of all the individuals was taken and they were informed about the procedure. The individuals were evaluated for wrist extensor strength by using a hand-held dynamometer. Also, the hand measurements such as hand length and width using a measuring tape. Results: The average wrist extensor strength of the right hand of the individuals was found to be more than that of the left hand. The length of both the hands was almost equal while the width of the left hand was greater than the right hand. Conclusion: There is a slight positive Correlation between the average wrist extensor strength and the length and width of the hand which can play a vital role in the rehabilitation process.

Comparative characteristics of the exterior of dogs of northern sled breeds

Purpose: Comparative characteristics of the exterior of dogs of northern sled breeds.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dogs of the Chukchi sled dog breed and the Siberian husky used in the LLC "Scythians-tour" of the Republic of Karelia. The method of taking body measurements from dogs and calculating body composition indices was used. Body measurements were carried out in 14 males and 8 females of the Chukchi sled dog and 17 males and 7 females of the Siberian husky. From the measurements, the height at the withers, the oblique length of the trunk, the chest circumference, the length of the forelimb, the circumference of the pastern, the length of the muzzle, the length of the head were taken into account. To take measurements, a measuring stick, a compass and a measuring tape were used. Based on the measurements, the physique indices are calculated. The degree of differences was assessed based on the results of biometric processing of indicators using the Excel program.Results. It was established that the males of the Chukotka Sled Dog and Siberian Husky breed were significantly superior to bitches in almost all body measurements, i.e. they were significantly larger than them. The males of the Chukchi sled dog exceeded the Siberian huskies by 6 cm in the oblique length of the trunk, by 2.4 cm in the length of the head. The differences between the bitches of the Chukchi sled and the Siberian Husky appeared only in the chest circumference and the length of the muzzle. The bitches of the Chukchi sled were more downed and massive than the males. In dogs of the Siberian Husky breed, there were no significant differences between males and bitches in all body indices. The males of the Siberian Husky breed were more downed and massive than the males of the Chukchi sled dog. Bitches of both breeds were developed in the same way.Conclusion. Sexual dimorphism in the exterior was manifested in dogs of the Chukchi Sled dog breed. Breed and sex differences of dogs in size, appearance and physique should be taken into account when forming sleds.

Assessment of Risk Factors and Prevalence of under Nutrition Using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) among under 5 Children in a Tertiary Care Center

Background: Under nutrition is a major health problem in the developing countries especially India. It has a significant impact to child morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the risk factor and prevalence of under nutrition among children under 5 years of age, using conventional indices and the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF), and then comparing their estimated results. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatrics department (outpatient and inpatient) from January 2021 to March 2021 using sample size of 300. Attendants of Toddler’s were interviewed with semi structured proforma and height and weight of toddler were measured by measuring tape and weighing machine respectively. Informed consent was obtained. MS excel was used for data analysis after compilation. Results: CIAF identified 96% of childrens to have under nutrition. By using conventional indices it was seen that 62.8% of the children were underweight, 50% were stunted and 44.4% were wasted. Conclusion: CIAF gives a better estimate of under nutrition than currently used conventional indices; and identifies more children with multiple anthropometric failures.

3D-printed phantoms to quantify accuracy and variability of goniometric and volumetric assessment of Peyronie’s disease deformities

Characterization of Peyronie’s disease (PD) involves manual goniometry and penile length measurement. These techniques neglect volume loss or hourglass deformities. Inter-provider variability complicates accuracy. Using 3D-printed models, we aimed to evaluate measurement accuracy and variability and establish computational assessment workflows. Five digital phantoms were created: 13.0 cm cylinder, 13.0 cm hourglass cylinder, 15.0 cm cylinder with 40° angulation, 12.0 cm straight penis, and 12.9 cm PD penis with 68° angulation and hourglass. Lengths, volumes, and angles were determined computationally. Each phantom was 3D-printed. Ten urology providers determined lengths, angles, and volumes with measuring tape, goniometer, and volume calculator. Provider versus computational measurements were compared to determine accuracy using t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. No significant differences were observed between manual assessment of length of penile models and designed length in penile models. Average curvature angles from providers for bent cylinder and PD phantoms were 38.3° ± 3.9° (p = 0.25) and 57.5° ± 7.2° (p = 0.006), respectively. When assessing for volume, hourglass cylinder and bent cylinder showed significant differences between designed volume and provider averages. All assessments of length, angle, and volume showed significant provider variability. Our results suggest manual measurements suffer from inaccuracy and variability. Computational workflows are useful for improved accuracy and volume assessment.

Relationship of Personal Hygiene and BMI with OHI-S Scores among Primary School Children in a District in North India

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition, among children can lead to various morbidities, and some of its consequences can be fatal. AIM: To assess Hygiene with Nutrition & Morbidity among school children in district Ambala, Haryana, India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Data was collected through a health check-up program for primary school children studying in class I and class III (aged only between 6-9 years) using a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire, weighing scale, measuring tape and dental screening instruments. The investigators were duly standardized and concerned instruments were duly calibrated. No names and personal information was collected and before the student was sent for examination, his I-card was removed. Data cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Shapiro wilk-test for data normalcy revealed a parametric distribution of the data and hence, the student’s t-test and multiple logistic regression were applied. RESULTS: The study included 216 males and 106 females, and the maximum unfavourable score (unclean hands, feet and skin) was observed in 40.1% of the children. Difference between favourable and unfavourable scores with OHI-S ≤2 was found to be 65.3% (p=0.02) and maximum students (68.9%), reported having a good favourable OHI-S score (p=0.01). It was observed that maximum males (43.1%) and females (48.1%) belonged to the “Normal” category of BMI, while lesser females (6.7%) were overweight in comparison to their male counterparts. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that OHI-S scores were significantly associated with BMI status (p=0.05) of the children, indicating that children with higher BMI scores have a tendency to have “fair” and “poor” OHI-S scores. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, appropriate measures can be undertaken to ensure that schools as well as healthcare professionals undertake more stringent measures to educate parents, children as well as teachers regarding the relationship between poor oral health and increased BMI values.

Beneficial Insects Visiting Florals of Hamelia patens Rubiaceae (Jacq.) at a University Landscape in Nigeria

Aim: The study was carried out to ascertain how Hamelia patens would be valuable in sustaining diversity of beneficial insects. Study Design: Investigative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The insects and plants were processed for identification at the Laboratories of the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology and Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Identification and curation of the insects was done at Insect Museum, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. The study started in June and ended in September 2018. Methodology: The heights and canopy sizes of the Hamelia patens were measured with range pole and measuring tape. Insects associated with the floral parts of Hamelia patens were collected in the morning (08:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (4:00-06:00 pm) hours, with a sweep net. They were knockdown by pyrethrum insecticide and preserved in a bottle containing 70% ethanol. They were taxonomically grouped and sent to a taxonomist at Insect Museum, Nigeria for species identification. Results: Fifteen (15) insect species were collected on the Hamelia patens; Megachile mephistrophelica (Grib.), Megachile cinta (Fab.), Braunisca bilunta (Enderloein.), Pterandus sp., Lilioceris sp. and Virachola antalus (Hoph.) restricted their visitation on the plants only in the morning hours, Chelonus bifoveolatus (Szepg.) and Chrysolagria nairobana (Borch.) restricted their visitation in the evening hours. The remaining species were continuous on the plants. There was no significant difference (P=.05) between the number of insect species collected on taller plants and shorter ones. There was a significant difference between the insects that visited the plants in the morning and evening hours. Conclusion: The arrival of the insects on the Hamelia patens varied but some were time dependent. The clipping of the plant’s twigs affected the abundance of insects that visit the plant.

Sexual Dimorphism of Femoral Head - An Observational Study in the Population of Odisha

BACKGROUND Femur is the longest and strongest bone of the human body. It also takes relatively longer time to disintegrate after death, hence morphometric analysis of skeletal remains of femoral head can be considered for the determination of age and sex for forensic expert, anthropologist as well as anatomist. The present study was an attempt to establish sex of a skeleton by the help of femoral head diameters which will be of great help in medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS The present study was carried out in the S C B Medical College Cuttack from May 2019 to June 2020 by taking 84 dried and intact femora. The vertical head diameter of femoral head and head circumference were measured by the vernier’ s caliper and measuring tape in centimeters. RESULTS The result showed significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora. It was found that the mean femoral head circumference of the male was 13.296 cm with a “S.D” of 0.8694 cm and female was 12.023 cm with a “S.D” of 0.73 cm and vertical diameter of male was 4.1520 cm with a “SD” of 0.3635 cm and that of female femora was 3.7231 cm with a “S.D” of 0.2264 cm respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora which determines sexual dimorphism. KEY WORDS Anthropometry, Medico-Legal, and Standard Deviation (SD)

Caracterização do estado de conservação das estradas rurais na bacia do Ribeirão Paraíso, Jataí-GO

As estradas são muito importantes em vários aspectos, não só importantes, mas também necessárias. Possibilitam o tráfego de pessoas em busca de necessidades básicas (saúde, educação, lazer, trabalho, etc.) como também às atividades agrícolas. Portanto, o objetivo principal desse capítulo foi caracterizar e analisar o estado de conservação das estradas rurais na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Paraíso, Jataí-GO, esperando contribuir com incentivo e conscientização por parte da gestão da estrada da necessidade de realizar um licenciamento ambiental para uma boa gestão: ambiental, econômica e social, para que responsabilize em arcar com despesas preventivas e mitigadoras dos possíveis e/ou presentes danos ambientais gerados. Como metodologia, utilizamos a caracterização empírica (monitoramento), com auxílio de ferramentas de Sistema de Posicionamento Global-GPS, trena, máquina fotográfica, entre outros, e os trabalhos de gabinete com seleção de informações e criação de um banco de dados da bacia necessárias à execução da pesquisa. Foi constatado que as estradas em sua maioria estão comprometidas, sem medidas de prevenção ou sem manutenção adequada, uma vez que as medidas requerem manutenções constantes para o bom funcionamento. Constatamos vários processos erosivos na faixa de rolamento e áreas adjacentes como buracos, ravinas, sedimentos e ausência de sistema de drenagem. Concluímos, portanto, que as estradas da área em questão apresentam degradação que pode prejudicar o escoamento da produção local, causando prejuízos econômicos, assim como, dificuldade de deslocamento de pessoas e veículos.Characterization of the conservation status of rural roads in the Ribeirão Paraíso basin, Jataí-GO A B S T R A C TRoads are very important in many ways, not only important, but also necessary. They enable the traffic of people in search of basic needs (health, education, leisure, work, etc.) as well as agricultural activities. Therefore, the main objective of this chapter was to characterize and analyze the conservation status of rural roads in the Ribeirão Paraíso hydrographic basin, Jataí-GO, hoping to contribute with encouragement and awareness on the part of the road management of the need to carry out an environmental license for a good management: environmental, economic and social, so that you are responsible for paying preventive and mitigating expenses for possible and / or present environmental damage generated. As a methodology, we use empirical characterization (monitoring), with the help of Global Positioning System-GPS tools, measuring tape, camera, among others, and the office work with selection of information and creation of a necessary basin database the execution of the research. It was found that most roads are compromised, without preventive measures or without proper maintenance, since the measures require constant maintenance for proper functioning. We found several erosive processes in the tread and adjacent areas such as holes, ravines, sediments and the absence of a drainage system. We conclude, therefore, that the roads in the area in question show degradation that can impair the flow of local production, causing economic losses, as well as difficulty in displacing people and vehicles.Keywords: Monitoring, Maintenance, Erosive processes.

Population Abundance of Antelopes Based on Prevalence in Some Selected Markets in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate the population abundance of antelopes based on prevalence in some selected bushmeat markets in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three (3) markets known to have a long history of wildlife marketing/business were chosen as sampling stations. These include: Omagwa bushmeat market, Imo River bushmeat market and Asa market. The stations were visited twice a week for six (6) months, 6 times in a month (December 2017–February 2018) and 3 wet season months (May 2018–July 2018). Sample and data were collected in the morning hours between 7 am and 12 noon when hunters usually return with their bounty. During each visit, morphometric traits of antelope carcasses brought by hunters/bushmeat traders were measured with the aid of a measuring tape and weighed. The sex of each antelope was determined by examining the reproductive organs and the number of antelope carcasses brought to the market was recorded. A total count of 202 individuals belonging to 3 species—Cephalophus maxwelli, Neotragus batesi and Tragelaphus scriptus from the family Bovidae—were recorded from all the three stations, with C. maxwelli being the dominant species in all stations. C. maxwelli had a total count of 141 individuals while N. batesi and T. scriptus had total counts of 35 and 26 individuals respectively. Omagwa bushmeat market had the highest count of antelope carcasses accounting for 63% (126 individuals) of the total count, followed by Imo River bushmeat market with 23% (47 individuals) and Asa market with 14% (29 individuals). A total of 103 males and 99 females were recorded. Seasonal variation data revealed that the dry season had a count of 72 individuals while the wet season had a count of 130 individuals. Combing of vegetation, night hunting, use of dart guns and use of snare traps were the dominant methods used in the study locations. According to the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN), these bovids are said to be the least-concern species but this research work showed that T. scriptus and N. batesi were threatened locally.