Consequences of a Diagnostic Label: A Systematic Scoping Review and Thematic Framework

Objectives: To develop a thematic framework for the range of consequences arising from a diagnostic label from an individual, family/caregiver, healthcare professional, and community perspective.Design: Systematic scoping review of qualitative studies.Search Strategy: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and CINAHL for primary studies and syntheses of primary studies that explore the consequences of labelling non-cancer diagnoses. Reference lists of included studies were screened, and forward citation searches undertaken.Study Selection: We included peer reviewed publications describing the perceived consequences for individuals labelled with a non-cancer diagnostic label from four perspectives: that of the individual, their family/caregiver, healthcare professional and/or community members. We excluded studies using hypothetical scenarios.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data extraction used a three-staged process: one third was used to develop a preliminary framework, the next third for framework validation, and the final third coded if thematic saturation was not achieved. Author themes and supporting quotes were extracted, and analysed from the perspective of individual, family/caregiver, healthcare professional, or community member.Results: After deduplication, searches identified 7,379 unique articles. Following screening, 146 articles, consisting of 128 primary studies and 18 reviews, were included. The developed framework consisted of five overarching themes relevant to the four perspectives: psychosocial impact (e.g., positive/negative psychological impact, social- and self-identity, stigma), support (e.g., increased, decreased, relationship changes, professional interactions), future planning (e.g., action and uncertainty), behaviour (e.g., beneficial or detrimental modifications), and treatment expectations (e.g., positive/negative experiences). Perspectives of individuals were most frequently reported.Conclusions: This review developed and validated a framework of five domains of consequences following diagnostic labelling. Further research is required to test the external validity and acceptability of the framework for individuals and their family/caregiver, healthcare professionals, and community.

Gewalt und Gewaltprävention in der stationären Altenpflege während der COVID-19-Pandemie

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie galten in der stationären Altenpflege in Deutschland strenge Regeln zum Infektionsschutz, die Beschäftigte und Bewohner_innen belasteten und diese sozial isolierten. Beides sind Risikofaktoren für Gewalt in der stationären Altenpflege. Fragestellungen: Wie entwickelte sich unter Pandemiebedingungen aus Sicht von Leitungspersonen das Gewaltgeschehen in der stationären Altenpflege und wie veränderten sich Strategien zur Prävention von Gewalt? Methoden: In 43 Einrichtungen wurden leitfadengestützte Telefoninterviews mit 25 Einrichtungs- und 15 Pflegedienstleitungen sowie 28 Wohnbereichsleitungen und 10 Pflegefachpersonen mit erweiterten Aufgaben durchgeführt, audiotechnisch aufgenommen, transkribiert und nach der „Thematic framework analysis“ in fünf Analyseschritten ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Maßnahmen des Infektionsschutzes wurden als Freiheitsentzug wahrgenommen. Bewohner_innen, Angehörige und Beschäftigte reagierten teils mit verbaler Gewalt. Für die Leitungspersonen war das Thema Gewalt wenig präsent, Präventionsmaßnahmen wurden nicht durchgeführt. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Strategien zur Prävention von Gewalt in den einbezogenen Einrichtungen nicht hinreichend verankert sind und den Bedingungen der Pandemie angepasst werden müssen. Weitere Forschung ist notwendig, um Maßnahmen zum Infektionsschutz in ihrem Potenzial zur Erhöhung des Gewaltvorkommens zu evaluieren.

Preliminary Exploration of Hanson’s Idea of “Theory-laden Observation”

According to the traditional view, observation is neutral, unrestricted by theory, and theory depends on observation. However, Hanson's theory-laden observation, his Thematic Framework model, points out that observation depends on theory, that theory infiltrates observation, that theory determines the purpose and object of observation, and that observation must be guided by correct theory. Observation, as Hanson sees it, is a process of brain activity: it is not only the reception of information, but also the action of understanding and categorizing that information. Therefore, observation is naturally related to the observer's background, life experience and psychological set. Different observers may draw different conclusions about the same process by nature of the differences in their life experience.

Identity Ambivalence among the Eurasian Macanese: Historical Dynamics, Political Regimes and Eating Practices

This article focuses on the case study of an ethnically and culturally mixed Eurasian Macanese community through their phenomenological experience of identity ambivalence. Our thematic framework includes the structural impact of colonial and postcolonial political regimes in Macao, historical influences on contemporary identity and sociocultural expressions of creolisation. It is argued that the Macanese people illustrate the memory of the ambivalent encounter between the two extremities of the Eurasia (China and Portugal) which started in the 16th-c. and never ceased moving forces to the present day. Furthermore, in the context of fieldwork with the Macanese community in Portugal, an ethnographic approach helps reveal the ambivalent dynamics of similarities and differentiation with respect to food practices and commensality as expressed over dinner by a group of close friends in Lisbon.

INVESTIGATION OF OPINIONS OF TEACHERS OF THE HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN ABOUT SERVING AS A SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER

The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions of teachers of the hearing-impaired children about serving as a special education teacher. The research was designed as a descriptive case study within the framework of qualitative research methods. Two criteria that the participants to be included in the study should have were determined as follows: graduating from universities’ hearing-impaired teaching programs and serving as a special education classroom teacher in schools affiliated to the MNE. The participants consist of 51 teachers meeting the specified criteria. Semi-structured interviews were held with 5 of the participants, and data were collected from 46 of them through an open-ended questionnaire. Given the pandemic period conditions we currently experience, the e-interviews were conducted using Zoom, while open-ended questionnaires were collected via Google Forms. Descriptive analysis technique was used in the analysis of the research data. The descriptive analysis process consists of four stages: creating a thematic framework, processing of data according to the thematic framework, identification of findings, and interpretation of findings. Study findings revealed that the fact that teachers serve out-of-field they graduated from led them to feel insufficient in terms of professional knowledge and competency. Besides, it was observed that they failed to provide sufficient benefit to the students, they had difficulties communicating with families, they failed to cooperate with the school administrators or other colleagues and could not find the necessary support. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A Revolution in Rhyme

A Revolution in Rhyme: Poetic Co-option under the Islamic Republic offers, for the first time, an original, timely examination of the pivotal role poetry plays in policy, power and political legitimacy in modern-day Iran. Through a compelling chronological and thematic framework, Shams presents fresh insights into the emerging lexicon of coercion and unrest in the modern Persian canon. Analysis of the lives and work of ten key poets traces the evolution of the Islamic Republic, from the 1979 Revolution, through to the Iran-Iraq War, the death of a leader and the rise of internal conflicts. Ancient forms jostle against didactic ideologies, exposing the complex relationship between poetry, patronage and literary production in authoritarian regimes, shedding light on a crucial area of discourse that has been hitherto overlooked.

The cycle of feuilletons “Siberian Museum” of the “Conservator” (F. V. Volkhovsky) in the “Sibirskaya gazeta” (1884–1885)

Feuilleton occupied an important place in the system of genres of the pre-revolutionary press. The genre allowed the publishers to openly express their position, criticize the phenomena of social life, and point out the existing problems of society. Feuilletons were often signed with pseudonyms, and some authors transformed pseudonyms into full-fledged “literary masks” that proved to be an important part of the poetics of feuilletons and literary play. Feuilletons were incredibly influential in the provincial press due to its more difficult censorship position than the capital. The leading newspaper of Siberia in 1881–1888 was the Tomsk “Sibir- skaya gazeta” that fully revealed the feuilleton talent of the exiled populist and poet F. V. Volkhovsky. The purpose of the study was to identify the content and structural features of the cycle of feuilletons “Siberian Museum” by F. V. Volkhovsky, signed by his pseudonym “Conservator.” The cycle was published in 1884–1885 and comprised 14 works. The “Siberi-an Museum” turned out to be one of the most conceptual feuilleton cycles by Volkhovsky. The idea of “collecting museum exhibits” became a kind of “frame” for designing the feuille-ton content, expanding the author’s capabilities in implementing the installation of “satire on faces,” and it is here that one can see a direct parallel with the satire of N. I. Novikov. “Con-servator” was the first “literary mask” of Volkhovsky, the closest to the author himself with his democratic position. However, this allowed Volkhovsky to expand the problem-thematic framework of feuilletons and to test new satire methods that were in demand among the read-er of Siberian periodicals.

The PROMISES study: a mixed methods approach to explore the acceptability of salivary progesterone testing for preterm birth risk among pregnant women and trained frontline healthcare workers in rural India

IntroductionIndia has an overall neonatal mortality rate of 28/1000 live births, with higher rates in rural India. Approximately 3.5 million pregnancies in India are affected by preterm birth (PTB) annually and contribute to approximately a quarter of PTBs globally. Embedded within the PROMISES study (which aims to validate a low-cost salivary progesterone test for early detection of PTB risk), we present a mixed methods explanatory sequential feasibility substudy of the salivary progesterone test.MethodsA pretraining and post-training questionnaire to assess Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) (n=201) knowledge and experience of PTB and salivary progesterone sampling was analysed using the McNemar test. Descriptive statistics for a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women (n=400) are presented in which the acceptability of this test for pregnant women is assessed. Structured interviews were undertaken with ASHAs (n=10) and pregnant women (n=9), and were analysed using thematic framework analysis to explore the barriers and facilitators influencing the use of this test in rural India.ResultsBefore training, ASHAs’ knowledge of PTB (including risk factors, causes, postnatal support and testing) was very limited. After the training programme, there was a significant improvement in the ASHAs’ knowledge of PTB. All 400 women reported the salivary test was acceptable with the majority finding it easy but not quick or better than drawing blood. For the qualitative aspects of the study, analysis of interview data with ASHAs and women, our thematic framework comprised of three main areas: implementation of intervention; networks of influence and access to healthcare. Qualitative data were stratified and presented as barriers and facilitators.ConclusionThis study suggests support for ongoing investigations validating PTB testing using salivary progesterone in rural settings.