Evolution and Construction Differentiation Pattern of African Railway Network

Since the new century, countries in Africa have started a new round of rail network planning and construction which brings the completed different features together with the spatial organization of the railway network during the colonial period. Along with the strategic layout of “going out” with China’s railways, the organizational structure of the African railway network will make a tremendous change for the construction market, network organization, and gauge structure of the African railways. Based on the literature reviews, we analyzed and forecasted the evolution of railway network in Africa and discussed the spatial differentiation of the future construction market of the railways from the view of country and enterprise. The results show that the development of the African railway networks will experience three stages: 1850–1960, 1960–2010 and 2010–2050, and that the organization pattern of the African railway network has evolved from the “Hinterland-Port” model to the “Continental Integration” model. The development of railway technical standards tends to be integrated, the gauge type is changed from complicated to single, the gauge distribution is changed from broken to uniform. The contractor countries of the railway changed from English-French dominated to China dominated. The application of railway technical standards is influenced by technology dependence and path dependence and is mainly reflected in the two characteristics of “Chinese standard implantation” and “local standard retention”. The contractor enterprises of railway have a monopoly on the market of a country, CCECC and CRCC are leading, and the contractor enterprises are spatially characterized by four spatial distribution modes: single, continuous, jumping and comprehensive.

China’s Efforts to Shape and Improve Its International Discursive Power: Diplomatic Practice

Summary Discursive power is the reflection of a country’s national strength and international influence. The increase of economic power does not necessarily mean the increase of discursive power. The improvement of discursive power has to be strategically designed and multidimensionally improved. Due to China’s historical experiences regarding discursive power, China is weak in many fields. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China began to pay more attention to improve its international discursive power such as expanding its discursive presence and strengthening effectiveness of its voice, changing language style, enhancing institutional power and innovating diplomatic practice. In the future, more substantive efforts will be needed such as strengthening the overall strategic layout, enhancing institutional discursive power in various fields, improving the discursive system and promoting integration of China’s major diplomatic ideas and discourse with global ones.

Research on the Application of Cost Accounting in Higher Education Based on Activity-based Costing——Take a Chinese Medicine University as an example

Under the strategic layout of building world-class universities and first-class disciplines, the improvement of the quality requirements of graduates makes the input standard of higher education, namely the increase of education cost, attract wide attention. In this paper, taking the training cost of a Chinese medicine university as the implementation object, activity-based costing method is applied to the education cost accounting of the secondary college of this university, and the results are compared with the traditional cost accounting method, so as to analyze the adaptability and application value of activity-based costing method applied to the education cost of colleges and universities.

An Empirical Study on Power Evacuation Projects’ Performance: A Strategic Layout in the Indian Context

In a competitive business environment, project management aligned with the business strategy caters to the organisation goals. Researchers and practitioners are constantly probing into the possible enhancement of the existing approaches to manage projects. Though the relevant literature recommends numerous methodologies to enhance the achievement of project performance, yet the importance of power evacuation projects is still unnoticed and little has been done in this area. This research aims to develop a strategic layout using critical influence factors (CIFs) of power evacuation projects. A survey is carried out in 47 companies which are working on power evacuation projects. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant direct and indirect impact of the strategy, risk, contract, information technology (IT) and stakeholders on the project performance with respect to power evacuation projects.

Comprehensive Assessment and Policy Suggestions on Building Multi-Level National Service Centers

The strategic position of a country’s central cities in the global city network is mainly embodied by the functions of the service industry and high-end producer services in particular. With a view to enhance the economic control power, building a country with considerable strength in the service industry is to build multi-level national central cities capable of performing service functions according to a strategic layout. By looking back on the law of development of central cities of service industry around the globe, we first dug into the issue from the fundamental principles of new economic geography about the formation of industrial clusters; then incorporated influencing factors, such as factor endowment, outward connections, inward connections, institutional factors, market size, knowledge capital, development cost and consumption, into a uniform analytical framework; and established an indicator system for assessing the competitiveness of service industry cluster centers, whereby we assessed the comprehensive strength of 105 cities in building national central cities of service industry. The research results show that it is supposed to enhance China’s leading and controlling capability in the world’s service network by relying on two key cities, i.e. Beijing and Shanghai; and the other 15 cities, including Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Tianjin, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu, Xi’an, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Qingdao, Changsha, Kunming and Urumqi, are most likely to become the national central cities of service industry, which can provide comprehensive services or specialized functions.

Re-layout Material Storage Room at PT. Andalan Fluid System With Allocation Area Diagram Method

The redesign of this layout aims to provide information on improvements to the material storage space (warehouse) at PT. Andalan Fluid System (PT. AFS), can be more effective and efficient both from the outside, material handling costs, and workers. The condition of placement of irregular / unregulated material makes the condition ineffective and dangerous, material handling costs become larger and difficult to measure due to searching time and longer, there is also no clear identity on the material or storage location. The data used, the measurement of the area directly storing the data and looking for supporting data from the area owner, the method used in making the relayout is the area alocation diagram (AAD) by first calculating material handling costs (OMH) and making tables from the chart (FTC) and priority scale table (TSP). From the results of the research and analysis of the initial (existing) layout the company requires material handling costs of Rp. 65,431,026,54 with a number of matrices of 580 Pcs, and the weight of 23,457, 57 Kg, while the results obtained from the layout of 1 material handling costs became Rp. 40,242,822.12 -, in the strategic layout 2 the cost of matrial handling was Rp. 42. 578,302.60-, but in a better and more optimal layout of space, from a better safety factor than the initial conditions.