MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY IN LENDING OPERATIONS OF STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANKS IN INDIA

Co-operatives are member driven and democratic in nature and played a pioneering role in providing agricultural credit to a very large rural population, especially in remote areas. The State Co-operative Banks (SCBs) are the apex level co-operative credit institutions and play a significant role in the functioning and growth of the co-operative credit structure in the respective states. Financial assistance from Reserve Bank of India and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) are mainly routed through the state co-operative banks and hence they have to ensure efficiency in their lending operations. The study has used the benchmarking technique DEA and revealed higher deviations in efficiency scores among state co-operative banks. The problems and challenges of SCBs differ from state to state. Hence in every state, the management and the regulating authorities should work on transforming the co-operative credit system into a viable and self- sustaining system by identifying and addressing their core inefficiencies.

Transition in the Rural Credit Structure of West Bengal: The Case of Murshidabad District

This article examines the interlinkages between rural credit and other agrarian structures. The research is based on primary field survey data which is classified on the basis of labor-exploitation criteria and acreage grouping. The research shows that pre-capitalist relations substantially withered away primarily due to state intervention for land and agrarian reform under the Left Front Government. It also found the operation of market mechanisms (instead of personalized relations) in the determination of informal rates of interest and an inverse association with collateral value. This is reflected in the declining value of the weighted average interest rate (WARI) with ascending class status. Furthermore, it found that the WARI without collateral is lower than the WARI with collateral, the latter being confined only to lean seasons and emergency. An incidence of high interest rate is related to low marketable collateral and vice versa.

MEASURING CREDIT STRUCTURE IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CROATIA USING (VECM) 1990-2018

Studies on the finance-growth link use different proxy variables for financial development. Among the most used is the total credit share in the GDP. Previous empirical studies show to be sensitive to the choice of the finance proxy indicator. Total credit share in the GDP appears biased in empirical modeling. Credit structure (loans to firms and households) prove to be more robust when used in the modeling. Credit structure reveals a different impact on economic growth showing lending policy impact varies depending on the credit structure. Researchers studying the finance-growth link must account for this when investigating supply leading and demand-following theories. Policymakers should also take care of the credit structure since loans to household discourage growth in the long run and are sensitive to economic shocks. We find empirical evidence to support both supply leading and demand- following theory. Bi-directional causality between private loans to firms/households and economic growth exists using Granger causality test. Private loans to firms and households economic growth exists using Granger causality test. Private loans to firms and households have a positive impact on economic growth in Croatia.

Regional Rural Banks and Rural Development: A Case of Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank

The rural banking is one of the important roles in rural development of our country, and the village economy is the backbone of the Indian economy. Without the development of the rural economy, the objective of economic planning cannot be achieved. Hence the Regional rural banks (RRBs) are plays a vital role in the rural development for the economy in India. The RRBs were established on October 2, 1975, with the main objective of a provisional credit to rural people who are not economically strong enough, especially the small farmers, artisans, agricultural laborers, and even small entrepreneurs. The present study is a modest attempt to rural credit structure and the role played by RRBs in the development of rural economy. The present research paper is designed in nature and makes use of secondary data. The relevant secondary data have been collected mainly through the articles, journals, books, and websites have been referred. This paper is to examine the rural credit structure in RRBs of Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank. And this study is focused only on the specific area like loans and advances made by the RRBs for three years period of 2015-16 to the year 2017-18.

2 and 3 Tier Structure of Co-operative Credit (CC) in India: Current Status, Issues and Challenges

Co-operative banks in India have come a long way since the enactment of the Agricultural Credit Co-operative Societies Act in 1904. The century old co-operative banking structure is viewed as an important instrument of ba62nking access to the rural masses and thus a vehicle for democratization of the Indian financial system. Co-operative Banking is an agency which, in the words of Henry Wolff , “is in a position to deal with small man on its terms, accepting his security he has and without drawing on the protection of the rich, that the agency must not be channel for pouring charity or subsidizing the small man out of the public funds, instead, the material help must be backed by moral improvement and strengthening of the fiber”. Today, short term co-operative credit structure has 32 state co-operative banks and 371 district central co-operative banks operating through 14907 branches. There were 92,996 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) as on March 31, 2014 at the grass root level catering to the credit requirements of the members but also providing several non-financial services like input supply, storage and marketing of produce, supply of consumer goods, etc. The journey has not been smooth for the co-operative banking structure. This analysis has been made based on the various data given by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to trace out the current trend of the co-operative credit institutions also includes the issues and challenges of the two and three tier credit structure of co-operative credit.

Study on Contract Credit Structure of Construction Project Based on SEM

Engineeringcontract confirmed the project’global goals like cost、time、quality、safety and environment, clearly stipulated the rights and obligationsof the responsible party. So contract management wass the core of projectmanagement. A good contract credit had a positive effect on the contractmanagement. This article analyzed the LCM (Life-cycle management) of theconstruction project, and attempted toestablish a set of scientific、reasonable credit evaluation system. Based on the SEM (StructuralEquation Model) theory, this paperanalyzed and identified the structure of the contract credit and built the quantitativeevaluation model for the construction contract credit. Through the investigation of the empirical dataanalysis, the model’s fitting results shownthe more reliability and stability.