The Economic Incentives of Cultural Transmission: Spatial Evidence from Naming Patterns Across France

This paper studies how economic incentives influence cultural transmission, using a crucial expression of cultural identity: Child naming decisions. Our focus is on Arabic versus Non-Arabic names given in France over the 2003-2007 period. Our model of cultural transmission features three determinants: (i) vertical (parental) cultural transmission culture; (ii) horizontal (neighborhood) influence; (iii) information on the economic penalty associated with Arabic names. We find that economic incentives largely influence naming choices: Would the parental expectation on the economic penalty be zero, the annual number of babies born with an Arabic name would be more than 50 percent larger.

Fatores de adesão e abandono da prática desportiva em adolescentes escolares

Introdução: Na prática desportiva, os aspectos motivacionais são estabelecidos como um dos principais subsídios que incentivam o sujeito à ação. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar os fatores que levam a adesão e ao abandono do desporto escolar por parte de adolescentes. Métodos: Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo um estudo de campo, descritivo, analítico de corte transversal, realizada com 367 adolescentes escolares de ambos os sexos da rede pública do município de Juazeiro do Norte. Foi utilizado uma adaptação do questionário de motivos de início, manutenção, mudança e abandono (MIMCA). As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas pelo software estatístico JASP através de análise descritiva. O Teste t foi utilizado para verificar a existência de diferentes fatores motivacionais entre os sexos dos adolescentes. Resultados: Os resultados apontam existir diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os fatores motivacionais para adesão e abandono da prática desportiva quando comparado entre os sexos. Destacam-se os seguintes fatores: Para adesão à prática desportiva (Superar a mim mesmo; Amadurecer pessoalmente; Se pratica no bairro; Influência dos pais; Poder competir; Porque tenho condições físicas; Por ter amigos que praticam este esporte; Instalações perto de casa; Influência dos irmãos; Manter-me em forma; Divertir-me). Para abandono (Se meus pais não gostassem do meu esporte; Se meu (minha) namorado\a fosse um obstáculo para a prática do meu esporte; Se não me desse bem com o treinador). Conclusão: Conclui-se que adolescentes escolares têm motivações de adesão e de abandono diferentes no que se trata da prática desportiva. ABSTRACT. Factors of adhesion and abandonment of sports practice in school adolescents. Background: In sports, motivational aspects are established as one of the main incentives that encourage the subject to action. Objective: The objective of this research was to identify the factors that lead to the adherence and abandonment of school sport by adolescents. Methods: This research is characterized as a field study, descriptive, with quantitative approach and cross-section. This study was conducted with 367 schoolchildren of both sexes from the public network of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte. An adaptation of the questionnaire of reasons for initiation, maintenance, change and abandonment (MIMCA) was used. Statistical analyzes were conducted by JASP statistical software through descriptive analysis. The test t was used to verify the existence of difference the motivational factors between the sex of the adolescents. Results: The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences between the motivational factors for adherence and abandonment of sports practice when compared between the sex of the individual. The following factors stand out: For adherence to sports (Overcoming myself, To mature in person, To practice in the neighborhood, Influence of parents, To compete, Because I have physical conditions, To have friends who practice this sport, Facilities close to home, Influence of siblings, Keep me in shape, Have fun). For abandonment (If my parents did not like my sport, if my boyfriend was an obstacle to the practice of my sport, if I did not get on well with the coach.) Conclusion: It is concluded that school adolescents have motivations for adherence and of different abandonment when it comes to sports.

Neighborhood Influence: A Qualitative Study in Cáceres, an Aspiring Age-Friendly City

The aim of this study is to understand the perspective of elderly residents on their neighborhood and how the composition of the neighborhood influences their daily life. The study took place in the city of Cáceres (Spain) that aspires to become an age-friendly city. This study focused on the intangible elements of the neighborhood related to feelings of safety, well-being, loneliness, belonging to the community and development of trusting relationships. The research was based on the sociology of aging, specifically referencing the theory of the activity of aging, and also urban sociology, which assumes the environment as a conditioning agent of daily life. Using a qualitative approach, 32 in-depth interviews were conducted with individuals over 65. The interviews were analyzed according to grounded theory. The results show how social aspects are key factors for the elderly in their perception of the neighborhood. Therefore, psychological, social and emotional dimensions of the neighborhood influence elderly residents and could have a positive or negative effect on successful aging. These findings also suggest that a crucial aspect of the positive perceptions of the environment lies in the quality of social interactions that take place inside the neighborhood.

“Neighborhood” influence on police use of force: state-of-the-art review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review on the topic of neighborhood/ecological influence on police use of force. In doing so, it provides an overview of the theoretical formulation and early ethnographic work on the topic as well as an in-depth critique of the issues that require further discussion. Design/methodology/approach Using several databases, a literature search was performed to collect the available empirical studies on the topic. Findings An analysis of the extant literature suggests that neighborhood/ecological influence on police use of force might not be as uniform as previously discussed, and it suffers from the ability to make sufficient comparisons. Tests vary based on the use of force measures, units of analysis, and the neighborhood-level variables examined. Originality/value This review should serve as a point of departure for scholars working in this area moving forward. It is hoped that the review provides thought-provoking commentary on the limitations of previous studies and the challenges facing this line of inquiry in the future.

Action Learning in the neighbourhood of Benicalap (Valencia): an innovative teaching and learning experience in an International Development Master

This article aims to analyze an innovative teaching and learning experience carried out by the “Development Cooperation Master’s Degree” taught at the Politechnical University of València (UPV), Spain. During two weeks, the students of the Master carried out an Action Learning process in the neighborhood of Benicalap (Valencia), with the aim to explore how the housing conditions in the neighborhood influence on the youth’s learning and aspirations. The process was developed with the participation of three local organization. As outputs of this research, some proposals for improving the neighbourhood were presented to several actors from Benicalap. University exercised then a part of its social responsibility, moving lessons from the classroom to the street. In turn, UPV students acquired social and technical skills for their personal and professional development.