The Effect of Musical Stimulation and Mother’s Voice on the Early Development of Musical Abilities: A Neuropsychological Perspective

An infant’s early contact with music affects its future development in a broad sense, including the development of musical aptitude. Contact with the mother’s voice, both prenatally and after birth, is also extremely important for creating an emotional bond between the infant and the mother. This article discusses the role that auditory experience—both typically musical and that associated with the mother’s voice—plays in fetal, neonatal, and infant development, particularly in terms of musical aptitude. Attempts have also been made to elucidate the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the positive effects that appropriate musical stimulation can have on a child’s development.

The Process of Individual Decision-Making in Non-Standard Situations: a Theoretical Aspect: Theoretical and Neuropsychological Aspects

The importance of knowing the processes of choice, decision-making is determined by the objective role that they play in the organization of human activity. An important feature of man is his unique ability to make decisions in the most difficult conditions of activity, which are characterized by high uncertainty, the presence of many inconsistent criteria, lack of time, high responsibility and more. The target effectiveness of the decision can be assessed only after its implementation, but the prediction of potential decisions is possible only if the study of its neuropsychological mechanisms. Cost-effectiveness is characterized by intellectual, physical, neuropsychological and material costs of decision-making. The non-standard situation, as a rule, seeks to reduce cost-effectiveness, because in this case the solutions are achieved by the exertion of intellectual, emotional and physical forces and is determined by the ability of the individual to act in such an environment. The neuropsychological mechanisms of such decisions are of interest to science in terms of ensuring the adequacy and timing of such decisions, which is hypothetically related to the morphological and psychoneurological characteristics of the subjects of action. In the context of our study, it is important to conduct a thorough psychological analysis of different types of unusual situations in the coach and find ways to improve the effectiveness of decisions, which primarily depends on the level of psychological readiness of the individual to perform its.

Epilogues between Language and Necessity

Questions raised by the brief history of the verb can be grouped into three distinct research areas: questions about the formal mechanisms that interact in structuring sentences; questions about how these mechanisms are implemented physically in the brain; questions about what these sentences tell us in general about natural language as a biologically determined phenomenon, and ultimately about the position of humankind itself in nature. This chapter attempts to identify possible questions for each of the abovementioned lines of research, taking into account what has been learned in the journey through the history of the verb to be. The discussions cover the formal properties of grammar, the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the formal principles of grammar, and evolutionary aspects of language.

Neuropsychological Mechanisms of Depression and Treatment

Furthering our understanding of the neuropsychological mechanisms of both depression and antidepressant treatment has the potential to both inform treatment development and predict individual treatment response. In this chapter, the neuropsychological mechanisms of depression and treatment are discussed. It is argued that negative biases in information processing are consistently found in depression, and that rather than acting directly to change mood, the primary mode of antidepressant treatment is to remediate these negative biases. Evidence from behavioral and functional magnetic imaging studies is reviewed. Finally, the implications of this cognitive neuropsychological model of antidepressant treatment as well as future directions and challenges for the model are considered.