scholarly journals The Effect of Musical Stimulation and Mother’s Voice on the Early Development of Musical Abilities: A Neuropsychological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8467
Author(s):  
Ilona Poćwierz-Marciniak ◽  
Michał Harciarek
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Musical Aptitude ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Mother’S Voice ◽  
Neuropsychological Mechanisms

An infant’s early contact with music affects its future development in a broad sense, including the development of musical aptitude. Contact with the mother’s voice, both prenatally and after birth, is also extremely important for creating an emotional bond between the infant and the mother. This article discusses the role that auditory experience—both typically musical and that associated with the mother’s voice—plays in fetal, neonatal, and infant development, particularly in terms of musical aptitude. Attempts have also been made to elucidate the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the positive effects that appropriate musical stimulation can have on a child’s development.

scholarly journals ECR-MAPK Regulation in Liver Early Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Ju Zhao ◽  
Hexian Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gene Interaction Network ◽  
Extracellular Region

Early growth is connected to a key link between embryonic development and aging. In this paper, liver gene expression profiles were assayed at postnatal day 22 and week 16 of age. Meanwhile another independent animal experiment and cell culture were carried out for validation. Significance analysis of microarrays, qPCR verification, drug induction/inhibition assays, and metabonomics indicated thatalpha-2u globulin(extracellular region)-socs2(-SH2-containing signals/receptor tyrosine kinases)-ppp2r2a/pik3c3(MAPK signaling)-hsd3b5/cav2(metabolism/organization) plays a vital role in early development. Taken together, early development of male rats is ECR and MAPK-mediated coordination of cancer-like growth and negative regulations. Our data represent the first comprehensive description of early individual development, which could be a valuable basis for understanding the functioning of the gene interaction network of infant development.

scholarly journals Acoustical Enrichment during Early Development Improves Response Reliability in the Adult Auditory Cortex of the Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Bureš ◽  
Kateryna Pysanenko ◽  
Jiří Lindovský ◽  
Josef Syka
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Rate Coding ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Discharge Patterns

It is well known that auditory experience during early development shapes response properties of auditory cortex (AC) neurons, influencing, for example, tonotopical arrangement, response thresholds and strength, or frequency selectivity. Here, we show that rearing rat pups in a complex acoustically enriched environment leads to an increased reliability of responses of AC neurons, affecting both the rate and the temporal codes. For a repetitive stimulus, the neurons exhibit a lower spike count variance, indicating a more stable rate coding. At the level of individual spikes, the discharge patterns of individual neurons show a higher degree of similarity across stimulus repetitions. Furthermore, the neurons follow more precisely the temporal course of the stimulus, as manifested by improved phase-locking to temporally modulated sounds. The changes are persistent and present up to adulthood. The results document that besides basic alterations of receptive fields presented in our previous study, the acoustic environment during the critical period of postnatal development also leads to a decreased stochasticity and a higher reproducibility of neuronal spiking patterns.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of music Therapy’s Effectiveness for Premature infants and their caregivers (LongSTEP): protocol for an international randomised trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e025062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Ghetti ◽  
Łucja Bieleninik ◽  
Mari Hysing ◽  
Ingrid Kvestad ◽  
Jörg Assmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Implementation And Dissemination ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionPreterm birth has major medical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences worldwide. Music therapy (MT) has positive effects on physiological measures of preterm infants and maternal anxiety, but rigorous studies including long-term follow-up are missing. Drawing on caregivers’ inherent resources, this study emphasises caregiver involvement in MT to promote attuned, developmentally appropriate musical interactions that may be of mutual benefit to infant and parent. This study will determine whether MT, as delivered by a qualified music therapist during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalisation and/or in home/municipal settings following discharge, is superior to standard care in improving bonding between primary caregivers and preterm infants, parent well-being and infant development.Methods and analysisDesign:international multicentre, assessor-blind, 2×2 factorial, pragmatic randomised controlled trial; informed by a completed feasibility study.Participants:250 preterm infants and their parents.Intervention:MT focusing on parental singing specifically tailored to infant responses, will be delivered during NICU and/or during a postdischarge 6-month period.Primary outcome:changes in mother–infant bonding at 6-month corrected age (CA), as measured by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire.Secondary outcomes: mother–infant bonding at discharge and at 12-month CA; child development over 24 months; and parental depression, anxiety and stress, and infant rehospitalisation, all over 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThe Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics approved the study (2018/994/REK Nord, 03 July 2018). Service users were involved in development of the study and will be involved in implementation and dissemination. Dissemination of findings will apply to local, national and international levels.Trial registration numberNCT03564184

scholarly journals Home Environment and Early Development of Rural Children: Evidence from Guizhou Province in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6121
Author(s):  
Lena Kuhn ◽  
Chengfang Liu ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Renfu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Early Child

Delays in early child development are among the aspects underlying the persistent developmental gaps between regions and social strata. This study seeks to examine the relationship between the home environment and early child development in less-developed rural areas by drawing on data from 445 children from villages in Guizhou province in southwest China. A demographic questionnaire, the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME), and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, version III (BSID-III), were used to measure the child’s demographic characteristics, home environment, and early development outcomes, respectively. Our data show that the sample children suffer a delay in various dimensions of child development and a deficit in the HOME scale. The results from a hierarchical regression model suggest that the availability of learning material at home, caregivers’ responsiveness and organization sub-scales are significantly positively correlated with the early development of sample children, after controlling for general socioeconomic status, health, and nutrition, and this correlation differs by gender. These results imply that the provision of learning material to households, promoting caregivers’ responsiveness and organization in less-developed rural areas could improve early child development among deprived children.

scholarly journals The Theory and Practice of Evaluating Green Factories in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Meng Yang ◽  
Husheng Li ◽  
Jinhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Factory

It is well acknowledged that, China is a country with copious manufacturing industries, and Chinese industrial products spread all over the world. Research into the theory and practice of evaluating manufacturing factories in China is of highly significant. However, the traditional method of evaluating factories tends to focus on individual aspects such as efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protections. There have been relatively few reports covering comprehensive evaluation methods for a systematic green factory. Based on an analysis of the current situation in various countries and regions, the concept and scope of the China Green Factory (CGF) have been defined. The characteristics of a CGF include the intensification of land, the decontamination of raw materials, clean production, waste administration, and the reduction of carbon and energy. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the current policy and research on the CGFs, quantify the positive effects of CGFs, and make some suggestions for future development.

scholarly journals The Role of Affectionate Caregiver Touch in Early Neurodevelopment and Parent–Infant Interactional Synchrony

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Carozza ◽  
Victoria Leong
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Interactional Synchrony ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Systems ◽  
Psychosocial Behavior

Though rarely included in studies of parent–infant interactions, affectionate touch plays a unique and vital role in infant development. Previous studies in human and rodent models have established that early and consistent affectionate touch from a caregiver confers wide-ranging and holistic benefits for infant psychosocial and neurophysiological development. We begin with an introduction to the neurophysiological pathways for the positive effects of touch. Then, we provide a brief review of how affectionate touch tunes the development of infant somatosensory, autonomic (stress regulation), and immune systems. Affective touch also plays a foundational role in the establishment of social affiliative bonds and early psychosocial behavior. These touch-related bonding effects are known to be mediated primarily by the oxytocin system, but touch also activates mesocorticolimbic dopamine and endogenous opioid systems which aid the development of social cognitive processes such as social learning and reward processing. We conclude by proposing a unique role for affectionate touch as an essential pathway to establishing and maintaining parent-infant interactional synchrony at behavioral and neural levels. The limitations of the current understanding of affectionate touch in infant development point to fruitful avenues for future research.

Kindling the Spark: Early Development

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Haroutounian
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Mother’S Voice

Alullaby winds its way through the intimate confines of the nursery, as a restless baby is soothed to sleep. The rhythm and rocking chair synchronize a pulse as a mother sings softly to her child. The baby listens to the gentle flow of the melody, which drifts into a hum that vibrates against the sleeping child’s tiny head. A few short years later, Mom smiles as she looks in to her three-year-old’s room. Her daughter is nestled in the same rocking chair, singing a rather lopsided version of the same lullaby, gently stroking a rag doll wrapped in a frayed old baby blanket. Children listen before they are born. They are aware of their mother’s heartbeat and the different environmental sounds that filter into the cozy womb. They are surrounded by the low-pitched pulsating sounds of their mother’s cardiovascular system at work. Studies show that pregnant singers find their babies much quieter when they are singing. Instrumentalists report the opposite effect, with lots of internal activity when they are performing. Even before birth, a child recognizes the sound of a mother’s voice and responds to music or familiar sounds. Prenatal studies abound that can measure the movements and startle reflexes of these yet-to-be-born listeners. Loud, sudden noises (above 100 db) cause the fetal heart to beat faster and an immediate startle response. One experiment zapped 15 seconds of a Bach organ prelude (at 100 db) through headphones nestled close to a mother’s abdomen. Not surprisingly, the fetal heart rate accelerated within five seconds of this musical stimulation. Once a baby is born, the effects of these prenatal sounds still have an influence on behavior. Studies of newborns by Salk in the 1960s resulted in the popularity of crib devices that play the sound of an adult heartbeat to soothe babies to sleep. Other studies show the same soothing effect for seven-day-old neonates listening to taped sounds of intrauterine background noises. From birth, the mother’s voice is distinguished from other women’s voices and recognized more readily than the father’s voice—again stemming from prenatal listening experiences.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Patterns of Red Sea Urchins (Mesocentrotus Franciscanus) Exposed to Different Combinations of Temperature and pCO2 During Early Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet M. Wong ◽  
Gretchen E. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Background: The red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus is an ecologically important kelp forest herbivore and an economically valuable wild fishery species. To examine of how M. franciscanus responds to its environment on a molecular level, differences in gene expression patterns were observed in embryos raised under combinations of two temperatures (13 °C and 17 °C) and two pCO2 levels (475 matm and 1050 matm). The transcriptomic responses of the embryos were assessed at two developmental stages (gastrula and prism) in light of previously described plasticity in body size and thermotolerance under these temperature and pCO2 treatments.Results: Although transcriptomic patterns primarily varied by developmental stage, there were pronounced differences in gene expression as a result of the treatment conditions. Temperature and pCO2 treatments led to the differential expression of genes related to the cellular stress response, transmembrane transport, metabolic processes, and the regulation of gene expression. Temperature had a greater influence on gene expression than pCO2, and may have contributed to positive effects of temperature on body size and thermotolerance at the prism stage. On the other hand, a relatively muted transcriptomic response to pCO2 may have permitted the stunting effect of elevated pCO2 on embryo body size.Conclusions: M. franciscanus exhibited both transcriptomic and phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature and pCO2 stress during early development. As climate change continues, red sea urchins may benefit from moderate ocean warming, whereas they will be negatively affected by ocean acidification. Present-day pCO2 conditions that occur due to coastal upwelling may already be detrimental to populations of M. franciscanus.

scholarly journals Modelling-through-reaction: its nature, implementation and potential

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (105) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kenneth Shenton
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Information Professional ◽  
Investigative Technique ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
The Ideal

Rooted in modern, person-oriented perspectives within user studies, modelling-through-reaction is an investigative technique that has been developed by the author over several years with the aim of uniting the often disparate worlds of research and the information professional. The approach results in the creation of principles that represent what the participants believe to be the ideal features of the information entity forming the subject of the research. In sum, these statements constitute a specification that should inform future development of the entity and provide criteria for evaluation. Drawing on a range of sources, this paper explores the early development of modelling-through-reaction and discusses its key characteristics, giving particular emphasis to its flexibility and suitability for use by the information professional, whilst still acknowledging the challenges inherent in its application.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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