epithelial tubes
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2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Runser ◽  
Lisa Conrad ◽  
Harold Gómez ◽  
Christine Lang ◽  
Mathilde Dumond ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTDuring lung development, epithelial branches expand preferentially in longitudinal direction. This bias in outgrowth has been linked to a bias in cell shape and in the cell division plane. How such bias arises is unknown. Here, we show that biased epithelial outgrowth occurs independent of the surrounding mesenchyme. Biased outgrowth is also not the consequence of a growth factor gradient, as biased outgrowth is obtained with uniform growth factor cultures, and in the presence of the FGFR inhibitor SU5402. Furthermore, we note that epithelial tubes are largely closed during early lung and kidney development. By simulating the reported fluid flow inside segmented narrow epithelial tubes, we show that the shear stress levels on the apical surface are sufficient to explain the reported bias in cell shape and outgrowth. We use a cell-based vertex model to confirm that apical shear forces, unlike constricting forces, can give rise to both the observed bias in cell shapes and tube elongation. We conclude that shear stress may be a more general driver of biased tube elongation beyond its established role in angiogenesis.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gómez-Gálvez ◽  
Pablo Vicente-Munuera ◽  
Samira Anbari ◽  
Antonio Tagua ◽  
Carmen Gordillo-Vázquez ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTApico-basal cell intercalations (scutoids) optimize packing and energy expenditure in curved epithelia. Further consequences of this new paradigm of tissue packing remain uncharacterized. In particular, how scutoids modify the 3D cellular connectivity is an open question. This property is crucial for understanding epithelial architecture and is instrumental for regulating the biological function of tissues. Here, we address this problem by means of a computational model of epithelial tubes and a biophysical approach that links geometrical descriptors with the energetic cost required to increase the cellular connectivity. Our results predict that epithelial tubes satisfy a novel quantitative principle: the “Flintstones’ law”. In short, cellular connectivity increases with tissue thickness/curvature in a logistic way. We confirm experimentally the existence of this principle using Drosophila’s salivary glands. Our study provides methodological advances to analyze tissue packing in 3D and, more importantly, unveils a morphogenetic principle with key biological consequences.


Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (23) ◽  
pp. dev181206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Hirashima ◽  
Taiji Adachi

Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. dev172759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Yang ◽  
Eric Li ◽  
Yong-Jae Kwon ◽  
Madhav Mani ◽  
Greg J. Beitel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel I. C. Low ◽  
Claire R. Williams ◽  
Megan K. Chong ◽  
Ian G. McLachlan ◽  
Bradley M. Wierbowski ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTTo sense the outside world, some neurons protrude across epithelia, the cellular barriers that line every surface of our bodies. To study the morphogenesis of such neurons, we examined the C. elegans amphid, in which dendrites protrude through a glial channel at the nose. During development, amphid dendrites extend by attaching to the nose via DYF-7, a type of protein typically found in epithelial apical ECM. Here, we show that amphid neurons and glia exhibit epithelial properties, including tight junctions and apical-basal polarity, and develop in a manner resembling other epithelia. We find that DYF-7 is a fibril-forming apical ECM component that prevents rupture of the tube-shaped glial channel, reminiscent of roles for apical ECM in other narrow epithelial tubes. We also identify a role for FRM-2, a homolog of EPBL15/moe/Yurt which promote epithelial integrity in other systems. Finally, we show that other environmentally-exposed neurons share a requirement for DYF-7. Together, our results suggest that these neurons and glia can be viewed as part of an epithelium continuous with the skin, and are shaped by mechanisms shared with other epithelia.


eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Beaven ◽  
Barry Denholm

Wingless/Wnts are signalling molecules, traditionally considered to pattern tissues as long-range morphogens. However, more recently the spread of Wingless was shown to be dispensable in diverse developmental contexts in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we demonstrate that release and spread of Wingless is required to pattern the proximo-distal (P-D) axis of Drosophila Malpighian tubules. Wingless signalling, emanating from the midgut, directly activates odd skipped expression several cells distant in the proximal tubule. Replacing Wingless with a membrane-tethered version that is unable to diffuse from the Wingless producing cells results in aberrant patterning of the Malpighian tubule P-D axis and development of short, deformed ureters. This work directly demonstrates a patterning role for a released Wingless signal. As well as extending our understanding about the functional modes by which Wnts shape animal development, we anticipate this mechanism to be relevant to patterning epithelial tubes in other organs, such as the vertebrate kidney.


PLoS Genetics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e1006205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasreet K. Gill ◽  
Jennifer D. Cohen ◽  
Jesus Ayala-Figueroa ◽  
Rachel Forman-Rubinsky ◽  
Corey Poggioli ◽  
...  

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