Formation and Development of the Kyiv School of Art Textiles: Traditions and Innovations

The purpose of the article is to outline – based on analyzing the development of the Kyiv School of Decorative Arts in context of the historical and artistic process of the XXth to XXIst centuries – the main principles of specialization Art Textiles on the ground of the Mykhaylo Boychuk Kyiv State Academy of Decorative and Applied Arts and Design. The methodology consists of applying an art history approach to historical and artistic analyses of works of artistic textiles, as well as the systematic consideration of peculiarities of the Kyiv School of Decorative Arts. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of a phenomenon of the Kyiv School of Art Textiles, creative-pedagogical and scientific-methodological means in teaching students, themes of diploma theses as an important component in preserving ethnic memory, and national-cultural identity. Conclusions. The results of the study highlight the features of the artistic language of the Kyiv School of Textiles, the specifics of scientific and pedagogical methods used in the Academy, as well as the creative guidelines of the teaching staff. Defined are prospective trends of development and strengthening of the Department of Art Textiles and Costume Modelling, principles of comprehending the conventional art and its transformation into the newest stylistic forms to meet today’s requirements. The scientific research gives an idea of ​​the current state of decorative art and artistic textiles, and the creative contribution of the scientific and pedagogical staff of the ATCM Department in the context of the integration of Ukrainian art into the European cultural space.

Postmemories of Migration: Cuban Exile and Poetics of Latinidad in Jennine Capó-Cruet’s Make Your Home Among Strangers

Taking Juan Flores’s premise of historical memory and lived experience to foundational to U.S. latinidad as a starting point, this article asks how twenty-first century second-generation Latina writing intervenes in contemporary understandings of U.S. latinidad as a pan-ethnic cultural field. It analyzes the narrative techniques, structures, and conventions through which contemporary Latinx writing engages ethnic memory and lived experience, considering how, and whether, those narrative conventions coalesce into a “poetics of latinidad.” Specifically, this article analyzes Jennine Capó Crucet’s Make Your Home Among Strangers (2015), a novel comprising two interlaced storylines that animate the categories “lived experience” and “historical memory.” The novel intertwines its protagonist, Lizet’s, lived experience as a second-generation Cuban-American and the fictionalized re-rendering of the Elián Gonzalez case, a historical event that has proved an inflection point for Cuban-American exile identity in the U.S., destabilizing Cubans’ status as an “exceptional” community in the U.S. Latinx migrant imaginary. Thus, this article argues that Capó-Crucet’s novel fashions a poetics of latinidad in key ways. Engaging Marianne Hirsch’s concept of “postmemory,” it analyzes how the interwoven stories of Lizet and Ariel Hernández (the fictionalized Elián González) repurpose the role of historical memory toward the narrative intelligibility of the second generation’s lived experience in the U.S. while recuperating and memorializing the first-generation’s experience of exile. It then situates this novel within a burgeoning corpus of twenty-first century Latina college narratives, including Patricia Cardoso’s Real Women Have Curves (2002), Meliza Bañalez’s Life is Wonderful, People are Terrific (2015), and Gabby Rivera’s Juliet Takes a Breath (2016). These texts rely on postmemory to address the experiences of second-generation Latina college students; Capó-Crucet’s novel articulates a poetics of latinidad in this intertextual framework.

“An umbrella made of precious gems”: An Examination of Memory and Diasporic Identities in Kerala Jewish Songs and Literature

The Jews living in the state of Kerala enact their diasporic identities through a unique narrative network including songs, stories, and memoirs. Drawing on memory studies and affect theory, this article aims to examine selected Jewish folk songs as an example of entanglement of memory and culture, nostalgia and narrative. We study Oh, Lovely Parrot (2004), which is a compilation of 43 typical Kerala “parrot songs” – devotional hymns and songs for special occasions – translated from Malayalam into English by Scaria Zacharia and Barbara C. Johnson. Performances of these songs constitute cultural as well as affective phenomena that bring together Jewish identities, especially female rituals, in a collective effort to preserve their ethnic memory and its associated social identity. The music unique to this community illustrates the ancestry and tradition of the Kerala Jews which held them together even after ‘aliyah’ (a Hebrew word referring to the migration to the nation state of Israel post-1948). Using selected songs from the book, the article aims to examine the community’s cultural identity markers related to experiential and discursive diasporic memory. It also draws on the memoir Ruby of Cochin: An Indian Jewish Woman Remembers (2001) by Ruby Daniel and Barbara C. Johnson to analyse the affective quality of songs which unites the community in collective imagination and in complex nostalgia narratives.

On Problem of National Self-Determination of Autochthonous Peoples by Example of Southern Russia Regions (Late 1980s — Early 1990s)

The article considers the problem of national self-determination among the autochthonous peoples of Russia as a component of the ethnopolitical processes of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The relevance is determined by the need to study the manifested ethnic interests, inter-ethnic tension and separatist tendencies that have passed from a latent state to an open form among a number of autochthonous peoples. On the basis of comparative analysis, research of archival documents of state, departmental, personal archives and historiographical data, general trends and regional specifics of Khakas, Adygs, Shapsugs, Shors, and Teleuts are revealed. The ethno-political processes on which the ideas of national self-determination were based include the growth of ethnic consciousness, “the politicization” of ethnicity, the change of ideological paradigms, the institutional activity of national elites, the formation of national revival programs, and myth-making. The author reveals the significant commonality of myths (“search for the enemy,” “loss” of national culture and other theses) and differences based on the historical and ethnic memory of each nation. Special attention is paid to the problem of autonomy. It was seen as an emerging component in attempts to implement the idea of national self-determination. The experience of normalization of social relations was considered in the analysis of the tactics used by national elites in achieving political goals, decisions made by regional authorities, and the reaction of various segments of society.

LANGUAGE MEMORY - ETHNIC-COGNITIVE PHENOMENON, HISTORIOGRAPHIC CONCEPT (BASED ON A. KAIDAR'S WORKS)

A feature of A. Kaydar’s research is the ability to analyze language from the perspective of high human values, as an instrument of anthropological cognition and ethnic memory. Studying the “world of language” through the principles of “human studies”, “social studies”, and “natural studies”, the scientist emphasizes the importance and necessity of using “valuable sources”. As a result, it is believed that the basis for solving problems of glottogenesis and ethnogenesis is the linguistic foundation, the product of language memory, a set of knowledge and experience. Based on historical, comparative, and extralinguistic factors, the linguist skillfully combined national and cultural values with universal axiological norms. In the scientist’s perception, linguistic units are considered as a logical continuation from the particular to the general, as a result of ethnogenesis and the global philosophy of being.

Ethnic Memory And Historical Injustices In Nigeria

It is a known fact that not few Nigerians believed that the country has committed atrocities against her citizen and this has caused mutual suspicion, deep divisions, inter-ethnic wrangling, and unending disputations in this ethnically and geographically diverse nation. The aim of this paper is to provide fresh insight on the causality of the deep mistrust and mutual suspicion among the various ethnic groups which in turn has caused the Nigeria nation much needed unity. The paper argued that recurring memorialization of unresolved historical injustices has been a potent poison to the glowing of communal and organic wellbeing of the nation. The paper concluded that the government must redress the past historical injustices, explore how Nigerians together can search for common memories to meet present needs, and allow the various ethnic group to come to terms with their past. The paper recommended new Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Historical and modern personality and image as an element of symbolic ethno-national capital of the Republic of Mordovia (2014–2019)

Introduction. Active promotion and positioning of the regions is a condition of their competitiveness, which actualizes the study of imaging practices aimed at creating an attractive image of the territory for various target groups: from federal elites and large businesses to tourists, highly skilled migrants, and the population. The image is based on symbolic capital, which is unique for each region. For Mordovia as a Finno-Ugric Republic in Russia, being unique is associated, firstly, with the use of ethnic symbols (elements of a national costume, Moksha / Erzia embroidery, musical instruments, dishes of national cuisine, etc.). These ethnic symbols actualize “ethnic” memory, national traditions and customs. Secondly, it is associated with the inclusion in the information space of the symbols of regional “pride”, such as “successful” fellow country people, whose positive image stimulates the processes of consolidation and identification. The purpose of this article is to study historical and modern personalities and images used in the formation of image-based visualizations of the Republic of Mordovia. Materials and methods. The methodology was based on the hermeneutic, axiological and communication paradigms. Among the applied methods such focus groups were included into the research as “Image of the Republic of Mordovia: symbols, brands, images”; content analysis of foreign, federal and regional mass media, which chronologically reviewed the publications from 2014 to 2019, etc. Results and discussion. The most recognizable historical characters of Mordovia who resonate with the audience are F. Ushakov, S. Erzia, M. Devyataev. Among contemporaries whose images can present the region, there are the representatives of the politicals (V. D. Volkov, N. I. Merkushkin, P. N. Tultaev) and sports (O. Kaniskina, V. Borchin, S. Kirdyapkin). Conclusion. Using famous names that have a weak or implicit reference to the territory does not always lead to a positive emotional response (especially among visitors), which ultimately reduces the significance of this symbolic element for the republican image and strengthens its counter-narrativeness.

Communication as necessary factor of a collective remembrance of the common life on example of Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija

Far-reaching consequences that linguistic policy may leave in the future decades are denoted in the paper, especially in regions where two nations with their differences interlace. After the World War II, it was enabled for the Albanians in the region of Kosovo and Metohija to get education entirely in their mother tongue, Albanian language, which simultaneously reduced the range of interactions with fellow citizens of Serbian nationality, the ability to understand each other, reducing also their professional possibilities. The years that followed only deepened the linguistic barrier between the two nations living in the same region, which inevitably led to constantly growing ethnic distance and escalation of conflicts. Empirical researches regarding the linguistic and ethnic distance between the Serbs and Albanians were conducted among Serbian students in Kosovska Mitrovica and Albanian students in Pristina after a long time, in December 2016 and January 2017. An opinion poll in the field was implemented along with the representative sample, while Likert scale and modified Bogardus scale were used as instruments. The obtained results showed both the ignorance of the language of the other ethnic group and unwillingness to master that language, as an obstacle for communication. The results could be the guidelines for future state linguistic and educational policy in this region. Ethnic minorities have an indisputable right to foster their mother tongue and culture but necessarily must also master the language of the state whose territory they live on. On the other hand, the Serbian population also should get to know the language of fellow citizens - Albanians, primarily for establishing communication and better understanding, but also for improving the quality of life. Establishing such a linguistic policy would gradually remove linguistic barriers, leading to the reduction of ethnic distance. It would create also the presumptions for overcoming the ?ethnic cultural memory? that deepens differences by its unilaterality, i.e. it would create conditions for the transmission of over-ethnic memory to a common life in the region where such life existed. It would represent the first condition for establishing a common ?cultural memory?.