Case Report on Rom Exercises Effective in Reducing Pain and Discomfort in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma, which also accounts up 11% of all lymphomas, is named Hodgkin's disease. This malignant disease is known as the Reed-Sternberg-cell, which is situated in lymph-nodes and is characterized by the proliferation of irregular gait. The disease occurs more often in those between 15-30 years and over 55 and is doubling prevalent in women, in men and women. The sickness is bimodal age specific. The frequency in India is around 1 in 25,000 inhabitants. However, for all stages, long-term survival is around 80%. Clinical Findings: The onset of symptoms is usually insidious but usually used for frequent diagnosis are: Extension of lymph nodes in area of cervical, axillary or inguinal, extraordinary weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, fever, chills, tachycardia, sweating or nocturnal sweat. Diagnostic Evaluation: Peripheral analysis of the blood, Biopsy of Excision of lymph node, Examination of bone marrow, Radiological study Therapeutic Management: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy or some may need immunotherapy or stem cell transplant. Outcome: After treatment, the child showed great improvement. Conclusion: A 11 year male child was admitted to pediatric ward no.22 in AVBRH on 25/05/2021 with a unique case of Hodgkin’s lymphoma with severe pain and discompfort. He was admitted in hospital and all investigation and treatment were started. After getting medical treatment and physiotherapy he shows great improvement and the treatment was still going on till my last date of care.

Grading Evolution and Contemporary Prognostic Biomarkers of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

Gleason grading remains the strongest prognostic parameter in localized prostate adenocarcinoma. We have here outlined the evolution and contemporary practices in pathological evaluation of prostate tissue samples for Gleason score and Grade group. The state of more observer-independent grading methods with the aid of artificial intelligence is also reviewed. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of biomarkers that hold promise in adding independent prognostic or predictive value on top of clinical parameters, Grade group and PSA. We especially focused on hard end points during the follow-up, i.e., occurrence of metastasis, disease-specific mortality and overall mortality. In peripheral blood, biopsy-detected prostate cancer or in surgical specimens, we can conclude that there are more than sixty biomarkers that have been shown to have independent prognostic significance when adjusted to conventional risk assessment or grouping. Our search brought up some known putative markers and panels, as expected. Also, the synthesis in the systematic review indicated markers that ought to be further studied as part of prospective trials and in well characterized patient cohorts in order to increase the resolution of the current clinico-pathological prognostic factors.

Breast cancer plasma biopsy by in situ determination of exosomal microRNA-1246 with a molecular beacon

A simple and accurate blood biopsy without extracting plasma exosomes and their nucleic acids content was developed using a modified molecular beacon.

A rare case of meningeal carcinomatosis and internal auditory canal metastasis presenting with the deafness for gastric cancer

Background Meningeal carcinomatosis is a very rare metastatic site of gastric cancer and meningeal carcinomatosis without other metastatic sites is much extremely rare. Herein, we report our experience with a very rare case of meningeal carcinomatosis which was difficult to diagnose the recurrence by general systemic examination and was found due to the deafness despite the sustained high tumor markers. Case presentation A 68-year-old man consulted a hospital with vomiting and hematemesis. Laboratory tests revealed severe anemia. He was referred to our hospital and underwent an emergency gastroscopy, which revealed Borrman type 3 tumor and oozing of blood. Biopsy specimen showed gastric cancer. After several examinations, total gastrectomy was performed and tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium (S-1) was initiated as adjuvant chemotherapy one month after surgery. Tumor marker levels (CEA and CA19-9) remained high for three months after surgery. S-1 was continued while shortening the imaging study follow-up period. Nine months after surgery, he noticed difficulty in hearing with facial paralysis, dizziness, tinnitus, and appetite loss. He was diagnosed with meningeal carcinomatosis and bilateral internal auditory canal metastasis. He died approximately two months later. Conclusion Meningeal carcinomatosis should be considered if bilateral deafness and vestibulopathy develop after gastrectomy, even if no recurrence is apparent in the abdominal cavity.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biopsy in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 40 Studies

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are the most common carcinogenic driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, while invasive tissue biopsy has certain inherent defects. PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on January 4, 2020, using the keywords “liquid biopsy,” “EGFR,” and “NSCLC.” The pooled sensitivity and specificity of EGFR mutations in paired tissue and blood were calculated. The accuracy was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve. The meta-regression of the subgroup was performed to analyze the heterogeneity. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were combined for evaluating the impact of EGFR mutation in tissue and liquid blood biopsy. A total of 40 studies with 5,995 patients were involved in the study. The pooled sensitivity was 68% (95% CI = 60–75%), and the specificity was 98% (95% CI = 95–99%). The diagnostic odds ratio was 88 (95% CI = 40–195), and the area under the curve was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.88–0.93). In the meta-regression, the sensitivity and specificity remain lower in the Asian studies than non-Asian studies (sensitivity: 66% vs. 73%, P = 0.04; specificity: 96% vs. 97%, P = 0.03, respectively). The EGFR mutation was associated with a better progression-free survival than wild type in both tissue (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34–0.85, P = 0.007) and blood (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71–0.92, P = 0.001) detection. Peripheral blood liquid biopsy had a better specificity for detecting EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients, while tissue biopsy still needs to be undertaken for negative blood biopsy patients due to its lower sensitivity.

Lactose Intolerance: What Your Breath Can Tell You

Lactose intolerance has seen recognized as a clinical syndrome characterized by pain, abdominal distention, flatulence, and diarrhea after the consumption of lactose. Lactose is a common disaccharide found in dairy that requires lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) to break down into glucose and galactose. A deficiency in this enzyme results in flora bacteria further along in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract to metabolize the excess lactose to numerous gases, including H2. Recent studies show that the risk of symptoms after lactose ingestion depends on the dose of lactose, LPH expression, intestinal flora, and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are several diagnostic tests that investigate the biological mechanism of lactose intolerance such as blood, biopsy, genetic, and breath tests. Due to its relatively low cost, availability, and non-invasiveness, the hydrogen breath test (HBT) has become a popular technology to aid in the diagnosis of many gastroenterological diseases, specifically lactose intolerance. Additionally, while administering the HBT there seems to be a lack of uniform criteria amongst the various studies, with many using their own guidelines, which may in turn cause inconsistency with the analysis of the results. With ever improving nanotechnology, novel approaches to expedite and lower the costs of the HBT has become an area of research with significant advancements.