Discrete mean square approximation applied to error calculation in biomolecules and brownian motion

Advanced research frontiers are extended from biophysics relations on the Earth upto the discovering any type of alive matter within the whole space. Microorganisms’ motion within the molecular biology processes integrates variety of microorgnisms functions. In continuation of our Brownian motion phenomena research, we consistently build molecular-microorganisms structures hierarchy. We recognize everywhere biomimetic similarities between the particles in alive and nonalive matter. The research data are based on real experiments, without external energy impulses. So, we develop the analysis, inspired by fractal nature Brownian motion, as recognized joint parameter between particles in alive and nonalive biophysical systems. This is also in line with advance trends in hybrid submicroelectronic integrations. The important innovation in this paper is that we introduced approximation of trajectory and error calculations, using discrete mean square approximation, what cumulatively provide much more precise biophysical systems parameters. By this paper, we continue to generate new knowledge in direction to get complex relations between the particles clusters in biophysical systems condensed matter.

The ER transmembrane complex (EMC) can functionally replace the Oxa1 insertase in mitochondria

Two multisubunit protein complexes for membrane protein insertion were recently identified in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): The guided entry of tail anchor proteins (GET) complex and ER membrane complex (EMC). The structures of both of their hydrophobic core subunits, that are required for the insertion reaction, revealed an overall similarity to the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 family members found in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. This suggests that these membrane insertion machineries all share a common ancestry. To test whether these ER proteins can functionally replace Oxa1 in yeast mitochondria, we generated strains that express mitochondria-targeted Get2-Get1 and Emc6-Emc3 fusion proteins in Oxa1 deletion mutants. Interestingly, the Emc6-Emc3 fusion was able to complement an Δoxa1 mutant and restored its respiratory competence. The Emc6-Emc3 fusion promoted the insertion of the mitochondrially encoded protein Cox2 as well as of nuclear encoded inner membrane proteins though was not able to facilitate the assembly of the Atp9 ring. Our observations indicate that protein insertion into the ER is functionally conserved to the insertion mechanism in bacteria and mitochondria and adheres to similar topological principles.

DILEMMAS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DUE TO SCARCE RISK ANALYSIS

In this study, the authors try to compute the importance of risk management in construction industries and try to validate that risk management is a vital tool to manage the project for this purpose about 150 questionnaires were distributed to stakeholders a response rate of 66% thereby achieved acceptable for the construction industry. 86 % of respondents were over 30 years of age. While 67 % of respondents were having experience of over 10 years in construction. Maximum of the respondents were at the key positions in their organizations. Results of the survey have vividly shown that the construction industry faces many challenges and uncertainties. The trends are that as the business environment grows more complex and dynamic, the risks and uncertainties which construction organizations face also get complex and significant.

ER targeting of non-imported mitochondrial carrier proteins is dependent on the GET pathway

Deficiencies in mitochondrial import cause the toxic accumulation of non-imported mitochondrial precursor proteins. Numerous fates for non-imported mitochondrial precursors have been identified in budding yeast, including proteasomal destruction, deposition into protein aggregates, and mistargeting to other organelles. Amongst organelles, the ER has emerged as a key destination for a subset of non-imported mitochondrial proteins. However, how ER targeting of various types of mitochondrial proteins is achieved remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the ER delivery of endogenous mitochondrial transmembrane proteins, especially those belonging to the SLC25A mitochondrial carrier family, is dependent on the guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET) complex. Without a functional GET pathway, non-imported mitochondrial proteins destined for the ER are alternatively sequestered into Hsp42-dependent protein foci. Loss of the GET pathway is detrimental to yeast cells experiencing mitochondrial import failure and prevents re-import of mitochondrial proteins from the ER via the ER-SURF pathway. Overall, this study outlines an important role for the GET complex in ER targeting of non-imported mitochondrial carrier proteins.

The GET pathway safeguards against non-imported mitochondrial protein stress

SUMMARYDeficiencies in mitochondrial import cause the toxic accumulation of non-imported mitochondrial precursor proteins. Numerous fates for non-imported mitochondrial precursors have been identified, including proteasomal destruction, deposition into protein aggregates, and mis-targeting to other organelles. Amongst organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a key destination for non-imported mitochondrial proteins, but how ER-targeting of these proteins is achieved remains unclear. Here, we show that the guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET) complex is required for ER-targeting of endogenous mitochondrial multi-transmembrane proteins. Without a functional GET pathway, non-imported mitochondrial proteins destined for the ER are alternatively sequestered into Hsp42-dependent protein foci. The ER targeting of non-imported mitochondrial proteins by the GET complex prevents cellular toxicity and facilitates re-import of mitochondrial proteins from the ER via the recently identified ER-SURF pathway. Overall, this study outlines an important and unconventional role for the GET complex in mitigating stress associated with non-imported mitochondrial proteins.

Complex Number and its Conjugate in Continued Fraction

For any equation complex roots occur in pairs. For finding a root of the equation in continued fractions algorithms are available. But to get complex roots in continued fraction no such procedure so far we have. Here, in this paper if   i has a representation in continued fractions we try to find its conjugate   i in terms of continued fractions. This will be useful in finding complex roots of a quadratic equations in continued fraction.

Design and Verification of Generic FIFO using Layered Test bench and Assertion Technique

Verification is must to ensure that the design is an exact representation of the specifications of the design without any bugs. Verification helps to avoid surprisess at later time so that product can enter the market on time with good quality and less cost. In the present research work, synchronous generic FIFO is designed using Verilog. Here the pointers will indicate the status of the FIFO, the flag information’s like Full, Empty, Last, Second Last First and the FIFO will have a synchronous Reset ability and this FIFO is used as a DUT under verification environment. The verification is carried out using SystemVerilog layered testbench approach. As the designing of modules get complex, it is becoming more difficult to check that design, as it takes longer time to check all the combinations of design inputs. This problem can be solved by randomization and adding cover group and assertions. The verification plan involves test bench, verification properties, assertions, coverage sequences, application of test cases and verification procedures for the FIFO design. The functionality of the DUT is verified through layered testbench approach and coverage analysis. The response of DUT under random constrained inputs is compared with the predicted response in the scoreboard unit of the layered testbench. The research work achieved 80% code coverage and around 90% of functional coverage.

Innovation of Business Processes by Means of Computer-Aided Simulation

"If you don't innovate, you will not survive.This statement has been especially true over the last century. The most critical factor is the speed of implementation of the particular innovation. High demands on the quality of process control, more and more require the use of supporting tools that enable us to get complex and detailed analysis of the process. For this reason attention is being paid to computer-aided simulation tools. Use of computer-aided simulation is still not as widespread as might be expected nowadays. However, expanded use of this tool is only a matter of time. This statement is confirmed by experience from many innovation projects, where the application of such computer-aided simulation tools was not only advantageous, but even necessary. This article deals with the application of computer-aided simulation in the field of process innovation. The particular case study shows the benefits of computer-aided simulation and the necessity of the connection and integration with the traditional methods (descriptive or analytical). It describes concisely the innovation process for an example of a JIT assembly (Just in Time). The traditional methods (ABC analysis and analysis of the activities that do not add value - Non Business Value) only partially solved the task of the project. To complete it and find the right solution, it was necessary to use dynamic analysis using computer-aided simulation. In conclusion, further opportunities to use computer-aided simulation in this field are being outlined.

Novel Method Using Crossover (Genetic Algorithms) With Matrix Technique to Modifying Ciphering by Using Playfair

Two techniques combined with each other, to get complex one. One from technique of genetic algorithm (GA) and the other is PlayFair cipher method, in this research using one step of Genetic Algorithm (GA) which called Crossover to make offspring of two parents (characters) to get one or two new character by using these techniques then using PlayFair technique to cipher text (plain text). So the person who wants to break code, two techniques must know.This research is a novel method of ciphering by getting a new generation of offspring from two characters, when we give a new theory of symbols as mention in research.