Validity and Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Resiliency Scale for Young Adults – Spanish Version

Emerging adulthood represents a time of substantial change and unpredictability. Personal resiliency is defined as an ability to adapt and thrive in the face of challenging circumstances. This study evaluated the cross-cultural validity of a new Spanish translation of the Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA) using samples of 393 young adults (66.2% women) from Spain (ages 18–30 years, Mage = 25.88, SDage = 2.87) and 365 young adults (71.23% women) from Canada (ages 18–30 years, Mage = 18.56, SDage = 1.26). Results showed that scores on the Spanish RSYA demonstrated high internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, a sound three-factor structure, and partial scalar invariance. Overall, the RSYA translation is a promising theory-based measurement tool designed for use in Spanish young adult samples.

Factors Related to Personal Resiliency in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Adolescents

Hearing loss is a risk factor for a child’s appropriate psychosocial development but is not a risk factor for the development of resiliency. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine the level of resiliency, as well as its relation to internal and external factors, in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) adolescents. The sample included 55 DHH students, 12–14 years of age. Resiliency Scales for Children & Adolescents was used in this research. The obtained results showed that DHH students perceived their resiliency in the average range, except in subscales: Self-efficacy (within Sense of Mastery Scale), Social Support (within Sense of Relatedness Scale), Impairment (within Emotional Reactivity Scale) in which the results were within a higher range, and Recovery (within Emotional Reactivity Scale) in which the results were in a lower range.

Resiliency Across Cultures: A Validation of the Resiliency Scale for Young Adults

This study presents a cross-cultural validation of the recently developed Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA) with a sample of 289 Canadian university students and 259 Italian university students. The RSYA demonstrated good internal consistency across the two samples and acceptable retest reliability for the Canadian sample. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor, 10-facet structure of the RSYA, and comparison of the two country samples found metric invariance. As expected, positive correlations also emerged between resiliency and trait emotional intelligence in both samples. Finally, correlations with personality variables were explored in both samples. The present findings provide further support for the RSYA as a valid and reliable measure of personal resiliency for both Canadian and Italian young adults, and for the cross-cultural generalizability of the three-factor model of personal resiliency upon which it is based.

The Resiliency Scale for Young Adults

The Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA) is presented as an upward extension of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA). The RSYA is based on the three-factor model of personal resiliency including mastery, relatedness, and emotional reactivity. Several stages of scale development and studies leading to the current RSYA are described that provide construct validity (i.e., internal consistency, confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent–divergent validity) support for the three-factor structure and 10 subscales of this measure for young adults who are attending college. This work is a step in a longer-term project of translating the constructs of personal resiliency for application across the life span.

Assessing Personal Resiliency in School Settings: The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents

Recent understanding of education and human development recognises the importance of psychosocial factors, particularly personal resiliency, in the academic success of children and youth. This article presents the examination of resiliency within school settings for the purpose of preventive screening, intervention and outcomes assessment. The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (Prince-Embury, 2007) is described as an example of an instrument developed specifically for this purpose. This description identifies developmentally sound factors of personal resiliency that are relevant for children and youth in school settings. Also addressed are criteria of psychometric soundness required for universal screening and impact tracking, norm-based profiles of personal resiliency and summary indices of resource and vulnerability for use in screening.