Nation’s Business and the environment: the U.S. Chamber’s changing relationships with DDT, “ecologists,” regulations, and renewable energy

Nation’s Business was a monthly business magazine published by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, with a subscription list larger than Business Week, Forbes, or Fortune. This study explores how the magazine responded and adapted to the rise of environmentalism, and environmental regulation of business, by exploring its treatment of four topics: DDT, environmentalists, government regulation, and renewable energy. It is built on a full-text review of all issues of Nation’s Business published between 1945 and 1981. It reveals the development of a variety of anti-environmental logics and discourses, including the delegitimization of environmentalism as emotional and irrational, the undermining of scientific conclusions as uncertain, the monetization of decision-making using cost-benefit analysis, and the problematization of government overregulation. The study thus traces the origins of the anti-environmental policies of the Reagan Administration to the business community of the preceding decade.

What to do in the Meantime: A Service Coverage Analysis for Parked Autonomous Vehicles

Fully autonomously driving vehicles are expected to be a widely available technology in the near future. Privately owned cars, which remain parked for the majority of their lifetime, may therefore be capable of driving independently during their usual long parking periods (e.g. their owners working hours). Our analysis aims to focus on the potential of a privately owned shared car concept as transition period between the present usages of privately owned cars towards a transportation paradigm of privately owned shared autonomous vehicles. We propose two methods in the field of reachability analysis to evaluate the impact of such vehicles during parking periods. Our proposed methods are applied to a dataset of parking times of users of a telematics service provider in the Munich area (Germany). We show the impact of time and location dependent effects on the analyzed service coverage, such as business week rush hours or cover age divergence between urban and suburban regions.

A Review on Characteristics and Potential Applications of Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis)

This review paper reports the studies available on the characteristics and applications of the henna (Lawsonia inermis) as a natural dye. Textile materials are mainly from synthetic dyes and fibers which are not renewable and not biodegradable. Around 30 million of tonnes was estimated for the global consumption of textiles and was expected to grow up to 3% per annum while 70,000 tonnes of dyes were released to the environment. The population of people who will have allergic to the chemicals will grow up to 60% by year 2020 which was stated in business week. Apart from that, natural dyes can be extracted and process from various sources such as plants, leaves, minerals, roots, barks and insect sections. Plants that was found in the world approximately 20% were for the pharmaceutical or biological test and new antibiotics were introduced in the market are obtain from natural or semi-synthetic resources. For the biological test, henna oil was tested against Staphylococcus aureus which was 870 μg/mL and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 87 μg/mL respectively while henna leaves extraction using methanol of 95% showed significant in-vitro antihyperglycemic effect. Chemical contains in the henna are carbohydrates as 33.62%, fibers as 33.5%, fatty oils as 10–11% and essential oil as 0.01–0.02%. Moreover, the good UV absorbency for the henna dyed cotton was at 900 °C for 60 minutes and the colour fastness for the fabric which was dyed with henna is 4 which is good. Henna dye has slightly negative charge for the higher pH 9 for the washing fastness. The optimize condition for the pre-mordant is 4% for the copper sulphate (CuSO4) for cotton with the extraction of henna leaves. Furthermore, the optimum condition for the henna to remove lead Pb (II) from wastewater are pH 6, contact time is 80 minutes, 10 ppm for the initial metal concentration and 0.75 g/L for adsorbent dosage.

Experiencia de la Dirección de Ciencias Empresariales del Tecnológico Espíritu Santo (TES) en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en función del emprendimiento

La investigación se centró en el propósito de demostrar que el desarrollo de proyectos en cada una de las materias contribuye con la formación de competencias profesionales en función del emprendimiento. En tal sentido se buscó responde a la interrogante de ¿cómo contribuir con el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en función del emprendimiento? Para el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación se utilizó una investigación descriptiva y analítica con un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, mediante la evaluación de los proyectos presentados en la feria Business Week, y una encuesta realizada a los estudiantes que participaron en este evento. Se comprobó que el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) contribuyó con el desarrollo de competencias esenciales para el emprendimiento, a través del desarrollo de capacidades de análisis, síntesis, resolución de problemas, creatividad, y adaptabilidad.

The Managerial Ideal and Business Magazines in the Great Depression

The 1930s transformed American capitalism. This article interrogates the political economy of two business magazines created at the start of the Great Depression. I argue thatBusiness Week’s andFortune’s signature approaches to reporting articulated an ideal conception of the manager. The early century conception saw the manager as engineer of operational efficiency. The new ideal viewed the manager as a political economist coordinating firms with their external environment, notably an interventionist and scrutinizing state, volatile markets, and a critical public opinion.

International terrorism as a threat to student mobility

Purpose International terrorism affects various areas of society. This paper aims to determine whether fear of terrorism is a barrier to international student mobility based on the opinions of representatives from four universities of the European International Business Week network. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained through interviews with representatives of four universities. Two universities are located in relatively “safe” countries (Czech Republic and Finland), whereas the other two are located in countries recently hit by terrorist attacks (Brussels and Paris). The interviews were conducted between December 2016 and April 2017. Findings Terrorist attacks affected international student mobility in the two universities recently hit by terrorist attacks. Research limitations/implications The research findings are relatively significant because they show how terrorist attacks can influence international student mobility. However, data are still limited. Data from other universities are necessary to verify causality. Practical implications The internationalisation of higher education is a strategic goal for many higher education institutions (HEIs). However, international terrorism may affect this goal. Understanding the impact of terrorism can be valuable in preparing policies for promoting the internationalisation of HEI. Social implications International terrorism is increasingly an issue for many people and organisations, including HEI. Understanding how terrorism affects economies and societies can be crucial for policymakers and for citizens living in or visiting areas endangered by terrorism. Originality/value The paper describes the immediate impact of two terrorist attacks on international student mobility. The paper presents the fear of terrorist attacks and the shock caused by terrorism as major barriers to international student mobility.

The upper echelon effect on restaurant franchising: the moderating role of internationalization

Purpose This study aims to investigate how upper echelon theory accounts for franchising by selecting the top management team to proxy for the upper echelon and using age, tenure, education, equity ownership and stock options as its main attributes. Design/methodology/approach The sample was drawn from the Execucomp and Compustat databases and from other publicly accessible resources (e.g. LinkedIn and Business Week, in addition to Annual 10-K reports). A total of 29 restaurant companies were used for data collection, which covered the period of 2000-2013. A panel feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression was used to analyze the data. Findings The study found a significant moderating effect of the degree of internationalization on the relation between the attributes of the upper echelon (e.g. tenure, education and share ownership) and franchising decisions. Research limitations/implications The results verified that top managers in the restaurant industry with more tenure and share ownership become more risk averse when they operate under riskier conditions, whereas highly educated restaurant top management teams tend to take more risks in strategic decision-making. Originality/value This study expanded internationalization research to upper echelon theory and into the arena of franchising.

The War of Words

This chapter details the continuous lobbying and organizing efforts of political exiles as well as their efforts to draw attention to their anti-Marcos and anti-martial law rhetoric. Reflecting their bias for a free press and scorn for the controlled press in the Philippines, the major U.S. media consistently gave the exiles favorable coverage. By and large, the exiles had won the media war in the United States against the regime. The generally critical attitude of the U.S. media acutely troubled Mrs. Marcos. She summoned the American ambassador, Michael Armacost, to express her husband's “anxieties about his upcoming [1982] visit to the USA.” The regime countered as best as it could. During the first year of martial law, it ran colorful multipage spreads in influential U.S. business magazines such as Fortune and Business Week. The message: there was a new, much better investment climate in the country, and it was a safe tourist destination.

STARTUPS IN THE IT FIELD. THEIR SIGNS AND STAGES, UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The term "startup" was first used in Forbes magazines in August 1976 and Business Week in September 1977 to refer to companies with a brief history. The concept took hold in the 1990s and spread during the dot-com boom. The term "startup" has recently gained popularity, but it is often misunderstood and misinterpreted. Thousands of businesses are opened every year around the world, and only some of them are startups.