1. Beginnings
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‘Beginnings’ traces the growth of schools and assesses the questions that have accompanied that growth. Detailed knowledge about the way schools first operated and the first evidence about the ways people thought about education come from ancient Greece, in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE. Roman schooling broadly followed the Greek model. Meanwhile, the invention of printing was, for the development of thought and education, world changing, leading ultimately to the flowering of interest in art, philosophy, literature, and science that was the Renaissance. The chapter then looks at how Czech teacher Comenius championed universal education. How did schools become instruments of capitalism, the current dominant economic system?