Wpływ teorii pestalozziańskich na teorię i praktyki filozofii edukacji Josiah Warrena – geneza systemu

The Influence of Pestalozzian Theories on the Theory and Practice of Josiah Warren's Philosophy of Education – The Genesis of the System Josiah Warren is portrayed as the father of American individualist anarchism and the first American anarchist. This paper investigates his contribution to the development of educational theories and his educational practices, since for Warren, as many anarchists, education is the main path to create a new society. Warren’s educational theories and experiments originated mainly from his stay in New Harmony between 1825 and 1827, where he encountered innovative method of teaching that nurtured children’s independence, invented by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Therefore, the aim of this text is to trace how Warren’s philosophy of education was shaped to become an essential element of his theory of stateless political and legal order and how Warren combined concepts of extreme individualism with his economic theories, such as equitable commerce and cost the limit of price. The knowledge of Warren’s New Harmony experience where he encountered William Maclure and Pestalozzian social reformers will enable the reader to better understand the framework of his own concept of education that he practiced at the Spring Hill School in Ohio.

‘A very exclusive experiment in communism’: the radical origins of the Manhattan co-op

Though it has long been the residence of choice for Manhattan's rich, the co-operative apartment building has an intellectual lineage that originates in pre-Marxian communitarian socialism. In the early nineteenth century, radical philosophers Charles Fourier and Robert Owen first theorized a multifamily dwelling owned in joint stock by its residents that could deliver economies of scale in the production and delivery of household necessities. Using previously untranslated French sources and archival material (New Harmony Working Men's Institute), this article demonstrates how early socialist ideas about housing, domestic labour and ownership evolved into the idea for the New York City co-operative apartment building.

Significance of New Harmony, Indiana, USA, to nineteenth-century paleontological investigations of North America: Progressive education through arts and sciences

ABSTRACT William Maclure, Father of North American Geology, partnered with Robert Owen in 1825 to establish an experimental socialistic community focusing on equitable reform in New Harmony, Indiana, USA. Artists, educators, and natural scientists recruited from Philadelphia arrived on a keel boat named Philanthropist in January 1826. Upon their arrival, Maclure established the New Harmony schools using a modified Pestalozzian educational approach under the guidance of Madame Fretageot. The New Harmony schools focused on practical education through direct observation of nature as well as a curriculum involving drawing, music, science, writing, and trade skills such as carpentry, engraving, and printing. Furthermore, the integration of arts and sciences with hands-on experiences led to a productive community of natural scientists who published significant works on the conchology, geology, ichthyology, and paleontology of North America. In the mid-nineteenth century, hand-drawn illustrations were reproduced through engravings, etchings, or lithography prior to the invention of the daguerreotype process in 1839, collodion wet plate process in 1851, and flexible celluloid film in 1888. In particular, the published works of David Dale Owen demonstrate the increasing importance of evolving reproduction techniques to paleontological illustration as well as the significance of hand-drawn artistic renderings. Interestingly, the modified Pestalozzian educational approach introduced by Maclure in New Harmony has several implications for the modern classroom. For instance, recent studies suggest that drawing improves spatial reasoning skills and increases comprehension of complex scientific principles. Likewise, engaging students in the drawing of fossils delivers a meaningful learning experience in the paleontology classroom.

HS-MOEA/D: An Oriented Algorithm for Delay and Reliability VNF-SC Deployment

Network function virtualization (NFV) technology can realize on-demand distribution of network resources and improve network flexibility. It has become one of the key technologies for next-generation communications. Virtual network function service chain (VNF-SC) deployment is an important problem faced by network function virtualization technology. In this paper, the problem, VNF deployment for VNF-SC, is investigated. First, a two-objective mathematical model, which maximizes balancing and reliability of SFC, is established. In this model, VNFs are divided into two classes, i.e., part of required VNFs in each VNF-SC is dependent, others are independent. Second, harmony search-based MOEA/D (HS-MOEA/D) is proposed to solve the model effectively. In HS-MOEA/D, Chebyshev decomposition mechanism is used to transform multiobjective optimization problem into a series of single-objective optimization subproblems. A new evolutionary strategy is deeply studied in order to propose a new harmony search (HS) algorithm. Finally, to show high performance of the proposed algorithm, a large number of experiments are conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the reliability of SFC and reduces the end-to-end delay.

“I Want to Experience the Past”: Lessons from a Visitor Survey on How Immersive Technologies Can Support Historic Interpretation

This paper utilizes a visitor survey conducted at an open-air museum in New Harmony, Indiana to discuss design guidelines for immersive technologies that support historic interpretation–specifically, the visitor’s ability to experience the past. We focus on three themes that emerged from the survey: (1) Visitors at this site skewed older, with nearly a quarter over 70; (2) Despite literature suggesting the opposite, visitors at New Harmony liked to learn from a tour guide; and, (3) Visitors said they wanted to “experience the past.” The very notion of a single “experience” of the past, however, is complicated at New Harmony and other historic sites because they interpret multiple periods of significance. Ultimately, our findings suggest immersive technologies must be suited for older visitors, utilize the tour guide, and facilitate visitors’ ability to “experience the past” in such a way that they feel immersed in multiple timelines at the same site.

An OBL Harmony Search for Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling with Multiprocessor Tasks Problem

This paper develops a new harmony search (HS) algorithm for the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with multiprocessor tasks, which is known to be NP-hard in the strong sense. The goal is to minimize the makespan. Thus, the proposed HS starts with the application of an opposition based learning (OBL) method to increase the diversity level of the initial harmony memory (HM). Furthermore, we use novel improvisation rules of producing new harmonies based on crossover and mutation operators. Also, neighborhood techniques are employed to enhance the searching and improve the solution quality. The proposed HS is compared with three algorithms from the literature. The computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HS algorithm in terms of makespan.

The Elusive Harmony between Government and Market Roles

At any moment in time there ought to be some harmony between the intervention of the state that the market requires (to correct its market failures), and that citizens demand (to promote equity and a desirable income distribution) and the actual government intervention. This chapter argues that such harmony may have existed in the years when laissez faire was in place and was broadly accepted by those who had political power. The harmony became less and less evident in the later decades of the nineteenth century and during the Great Depression. There seemed to have been greater harmony in the 1960s. That harmony went down in the late 1970s and in the 1980s. It might have been partly restored in the 1990s, with a different conception of the role of the state, with less state and more market, at least in some countries. The harmony broke down again with the Great Recession in 2008–10, There is now, once again, a search for a new paradigm that would indicate the existence of a new harmony.