KOORDINASI ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PROSES PENEGASAN BATAS ANTARA KABUPATEN MERAUKE DENGAN KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL PROVINSI PAPUA

Since the reform process began in 1998, there has been a previously centralistic change of the system towards decentralization. With this principle, the authority of the central government partly began to be handed over to the local government with the principle of regional autonomy. The region has the authority to organize its own household with the aim to be able to develop the potential of the area owned. This principle opens the need for the region to expand the region by dismantling the New Autonomous Region (DOB). However, after the formation of DOB began to arise problems related to the affirmation of unfinished regional boundaries. In its rules 5 years after the Regional Formation Law was established, the regional boundaries must be completed immediately, but in reality many exceed more than 5 years. This is due to the conflict of interest from each region so that a coordination is needed between the central and regional governments in the efforts of the boundary affirmation process in Indonesia. One example that can be raised is the Boundary Between Merauke Regency and Boven Digoel district of Papua Province. The success of this coordination process requires a firm commitment from the stakeholders involved in it. In addition, the Central Government (Minister of Home Affairs) who applies as a leader (leader) must also be able to influence others; motivating others; provide accurate information; And be able to make wise decisions

Coastal Risk Cultures: Local and Regional Formation of Knowledge and Action

This paper deals with how culture is expressed through the interplay of socially, politically, and economically driven processes and practices in place-based biophysical contexts as well as the role played by narrative expressions in the formation of coastal risk management, knowledge and action. It draws upon ethnographic, comparative, and historical approaches to understand how culture frames what we know and how we respond differently to risks. The research is based on the theoretical position that interpretation of risks and responses of social groups are shaped by frames of cultural knowledge and values, and investigates the influence resident’s values have in shaping the resilience of their community in two coastal regions in Germany and Italy. Information was derived from desk research, semi-structured, narrative interviews, and observation. Specifically, the author was interested in how residents’ views and narratives affected their risk behavior, shaped their needs and which role path dependencies and societal contexts played in the formation of risk knowledge, risk management and action. The author found that values, knowledge and identity highly matter in building community resilience. Moreover, the cases illustrate how past and present societal trajectories shape local and regional responses to climate change and why this concerns political decision makers at all levels, who are aiming to mainstream mitigation and adaptation strategies confronting climate change effects and in turn shaping resilience at local and regional levels.

Monosomy X in Female Mice Influences the Regional Formation and Augments the Severity of Angiotensin II–Induced Aortopathies

Objective: Turner syndrome women (monosomy X) have high risk of aortopathies consistent with a role for sex chromosomes in disease development. We demonstrated that sex chromosomes influence regional development of Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced aortopathies in mice. In this study, we determined if the number of X chromosomes regulates regional development of Ang II–induced aortopathies. Approach and Results: We used females with varying numbers of X chromosomes (XX female mice [XXF] or XO female mice [XOF]) on an C57BL/6J (ascending aortopathies) or low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient ( Ldlr −/− ) background (descending and abdominal aortopathies) compared with XY males (XYM). To induce aortopathies, mice were infused with Ang II. XOF (C57BL/6J) exhibited larger percent increases in ascending aortic lumen diameters than Ang II–infused XXF or XYM. Ang II–infused XOF ( Ldlr −/− ) exhibited similar incidences of thoracic (XOF, 50%; XYM, 71%) and abdominal aortopathies (XOF, 83%; XYM, 71%) as XYM, which were greater than XXF (XXF, 0%). Abdominal aortic lumen diameters and maximal external diameters were similar between XOF and XYM but greater than XXF, and these effects persisted with extended Ang II infusions. Larger aortic lumen diameters, abdominal aortopathy incidence (XXF, 20%; XOF, 75%), and maximal aneurysm diameters (XXF, 1.02±0.17; XOF, 1.96±0.32 mm; P =0.027) persisted in ovariectomized Ang II–infused XOF mice. Data from RNA-seq demonstrated that X chromosome genes that escape X-inactivation (histone lysine demethylases Kdm5c and Kdm6a ) exhibited lower mRNA abundance in aortas of XOF than XXF ( P =0.033 and 0.024, respectively). Conversely, DNA methylation was higher in aortas of XOF than XXF ( P =0.038). Conclusions: The absence of a second X chromosome promotes diffuse Ang II–induced aortopathies in females.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF EURO-REGIONAL COOPERATION

Purpose. The aim of the study is development and harmonization of conceptual approaches to the improvement of normative and legal, organizational and economic mechanisms of development of foreign economic activity in the conditions of Euro-regional cooperation. Methodology of research. A set of general scientific research methods is used to achieve the defined goal and objectives, thanks to which the scientific literature and normative-legislative documents on the topic of scientific research are generalized. Thus, comparison methods are used to identify differences and find common features in the concepts of “cross-border” and “Euro-regional” cooperation; methods of generalization and abstraction to substantiate the concepts of “intensification of foreign economic activity of the region” and “organizational and economic mechanism of intensification of foreign economic activity of the region in terms of Euro-regional cooperation”. The system approach allowed to explore the essence of the concept of “foreign economic activity of the region”, namely its patterns, mechanisms, forms, types and directions, one of which is cross-border (Euro-regional) cooperation. Methods of classification (typology) are revealed for systematization of the factors having essential influence on development of foreign economic activity of regions in the conditions of Euro-regional cooperation. Findings. The main reasons for the low development of foreign economic activity of the regions of Ukraine are identified, which are primarily: the imperfection of the regulatory and legislative system of state regulation of foreign economic activity in the region; raw material nature of products of domestic enterprises, which has low competitiveness; difficult economic situation related to the global Covid-19 pandemic, which is accompanied by negative social and economic phenomena, etc. The main directions of intensification of foreign economic activity of the region in the conditions of strengthening of Euro-regional cooperation as one of priority preconditions of active development of innovative enterprises, which determines competitive advantages in the world market of goods and services, are substantiated. The own definition of such concepts as: “Euro-regional cooperation”, “intensification of foreign economic activity in the conditions of Euro-regional cooperation”, “organizational and economic mechanism of activization of foreign economic activity of the region in the conditions of Euro-regional cooperation” is formulated. It is determined that the intensification of foreign economic activity of the region in the field of Euro-regional cooperation allows to achieve stable and balanced development of international cooperation, develop mechanisms to ensure management of the entire system of interregional relations, integrate into the European space, which is especially important for Ukraine. Originality. For the first time, the concept of “intensification of foreign economic activity” in the context of Euro-regional cooperation as a set of organizational, legal and technical measures aimed at integrating the economy of Euro-regional entities into the new world economic space, including deepening international relations with EU countries. At the same time, in contrast to the existing one, the strategic guidelines for intensifying the foreign economic activity of the region in the field of Euro-regional cooperation are grouped in separate areas: organizational and institutional; organizational and legal; organizational, economic and financial. Practical value. The results of the research can be implemented in the activities of local and regional government in terms of intensification of foreign economic activity of the regions and Euro-regional cooperation, which will contribute to the processes of Ukraine's entry into the world economy. Key words: foreign economic activity, Euro-regional cooperation, activation, Euro-region, Euro-regional formation.

Epilogue

The epilogue describes the recent history of political and diplomatic regional projects in Latin America and the Caribbean, which was the context in which the research behind this book took place. It reflects, on the one hand, on the links between contemporary regional formation and the consolidation of Latin American music as a cultural category, and on the links between this category and other geocultural categories in world history, on the other. Finally, it argues in favor of considering Latin America as a project, instead of a given framework, a natural reality, or a historical necessity, and situates the study of Latin American music within a broader reflection on the future possibilities for regionalist projects.

Stages, Mechanism and Geodynamics of Formation of the Folded System of the Greater Caucasus

Актуальность работы. В статье рассмотрены основные важные особенности складчатой системы Большого Кавказа. Важнейшей особенностью Большого Кавказа является асимметричная латеральная структурная зональность его главной линейной складчатой системы. Она выражена в смене в поперечном сечении региона с юго-запада на северо-восток сильно сжатой складчатости умеренной, а затем слабой, переходящей в пологую моноклиналь. Кроме основной линейной складчатости северо-западного простирания на Большом Кавказе развиты наложенные на нее поперечные структуры. Цель работы изучение этапов и механизмов формирования складчатости Большого Кавказа. Установлено, что в складчатой структуре выделяются два главных этапа альпийской дислокации региона, которые происходили в различных геодинамических условиях. Первый этап деформации отвечает ранне-среднеальпийской и раннеорогенной стадиям развития и проходил в обстановке северо-восточного тангенциального сжатия Большого Кавказа. Второй этап дислокации, представляющий позднеорогенную стадию развития региона, проходил в условиях субмеридионального горизонтального сжатия и привел к образованию интерференционной складчатости и тектонических покровов. Методы: полевые геолого-структурные исследования складчатой системы Большого Кавказа, которые позволили установить его сложное и неоднородное строение. Результаты. По-новому рассмотрены динамика и механизмы формирования складчатости Большого Кавказа и на основании анализа ее структуры установлены условия складкообразования. Высказано мнение, что деформации внешнего сжатия были вызваны проявлением в регионе локальных, региональных и глобальных геодинамических процессов, обусловленных сближением Африкано-Аравийского континента с Евразийской. Выяснено, что в структурообразовании Большого Кавказа решающую роль играл прилегающий к нему с юга Черноморско-Закавказский микроконтинент и его кинематика на разных этапах деформации региона. Он перемещался на север и придвигался к Большому Кавказу вдоль плоскости Южного краевого глубинного разлома и обусловливал его альпийскую дислокацию. Общим региональным механизмом формирования складчатой системы Большого Кавказа был не общепринятый в настоящее время поддвиговый механизм образования деформации, а более обоснованный фактическим материалом придвиговый механизм тектогенеза The relevance of the work. The article considers the main important features of the folding system of the Greater Caucasus. The most important feature of the Greater Caucasus is the asymmetric lateral structural zonality of its main linear folded system. It is expressed in the change in the cross section of the region from southwest to northeast of highly compressed folding of moderate and then weak folding into a gentle monocline. In addition to the main linear folding of the northwestern strike in the Greater Caucasus, superimposed transverse structures are developed. The purpose of the work is to study the stages and mechanisms of the folding of the Greater Caucasus. It is established that in the folded structure there are two main stages of the alpine dislocation of the region, which took place under different geodynamic conditions. The first stage of the deformation corresponds to the early-mid-Alpine and early-orogenic stages of development and took place in an atmosphere of northeast tangential compression of the Greater Caucasus. The second stage of dislocation, which represents the late orogenic stage of the region development, took place under conditions of submeridional horizontal compression and led to the formation of interference folding and tectonic covers. Methods: field geological and structural studies of the folded system of the Greater Caucasus, which made it possible to establish its complex and heterogeneous structure. Results. The dynamics and mechanisms of the folding of the Greater Caucasus are examined in a new way and the conditions of folding are established on the basis of an analysis of its structure. The opinion was expressed that the external compression deformations were caused by the manifestation of local, regional and global geodynamic processes in the region, due to the rapprochement of the African-Arabian continent with the Eurasian. It was found that the Black Sea-Transcaucasian microcontinent adjacent to it from the south and its kinematics at different stages of the regions deformation played a decisive role in the structural formation of the Greater Caucasus. It moved north and moved towards the Greater Caucasus along the plane of the Southern marginal deep fault and caused its alpine dislocation. The general regional formation mechanism of the fold system of the Greater Caucasus was not the currently widely accepted sub-thrust deformation mechanism, but the pre-thrust mechanism of tectogenesis that is more substantiated by the actual material

The Transpacific Subject in Asian American Culture

The use of the term transpacific in Asian American studies should be reevaluated vis-à-vis Pacific studies, Indigenous studies, and Oceanic studies. In particular, following Lisa Yoneyama’s model for examining “decolonial genealogies of transpacific studies,” such a reevaluation emphasizes interdisciplinarity, intersectionality, and, above all, a reckoning with settler taxonomies of intellectual production as vital to the continued use of the term. Beginning with a review of key scholarly interventions into the “settler colonial grammar of AA/PI,” this article relates the US histories and logics that first produced the categories “Asian American” and “Pacific Islander” and brought them into categorical relation with one another. These historical entanglements between diasporic and Indigenous movements across and through the Pacific, can be understood through cultural analysis of literary works that reconfigure transpacific studies around Oceanic passages and Pacific currents highlighting an Indigenous-centered regional formation. Rather than allowing transpacific discourses to dismiss the Pacific Islands as distant or remote “islands in a far sea,” such an approach recasts the region along the lines of what Tongan scholar Epeli Hau‘ofa formulates as an interconnected “sea of islands.” It concludes by considering the ongoing harm produced by settler epistemologies of possessive liberal humanism and by inviting a decolonial approach to Asian American cultural politics.