TRADITIONAL MUSIC RAPA'I GEURIMPHENG AS A FORM OF SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION IN THE PIDIE COMMUNITY

Rapa'i is traditional music perform in Aceh, especially in Pidie Regency. Rapa'i geurimpheng way of playing musical instruments like round like tambourine. Geurimpheng in Acehnese means rapa'i, "grik and pheng". There is no literature yet on when rapa'i geurimpheng appears, but rapa'i geurimpheng music is behind several phases, ranging from a period of very long conflict to the peak of the tsunami disaster. Today rapa'i geurimpheng began to exist again and continued father. The purpose of this study (1) is to study traditional music rapa'i geurimpheng as a form of symbolic communication in pidie society. (2) Reviewing traditional rapa'i geurimpheng music as a form of symbolic communication for educational media for pidie people. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative which is interpretive with a cultural approach. The results showed that communication took place between rapa'i players and the audience, communication settings occurred during the performance, as well as better audience understanding during the performance, stimulus from the performer, and response from the audience.

MALAY GAMELAN: PLAYING TECHNIQUES OF THE KEROMONG AND GAMBANG

Malay gamelan is a traditional music ensemble that accompanies the Joget Gamelan dance and was found in the palace of Johor-Riau, Pahang, and Terengganu in the 19th century, before disappearing in 1942. Malay Gamelan was exclusively taught in the palace orally, that is, through the process of listening, observing, memorising, and repeating; much like other classical Malay traditional arts. This study was initiated to discuss some aspects of Malay gamelan music in detail as there is little documentation regarding Malay gamelan in the academic world. Several writings on Joget Gamelan were produced based on the 1966 discovery in Terengganu and the inaugural performance in 1969 at the University of Malaya. However, attention to the different aspects of Malay gamelan music was not exhaustive. This study explores the playing techniques of keromong and gambang that were traditionally taught and passed down among Malay gamelan practitioners. A qualitative method was used in this research, whereby the earliest recordings of Malay gamelan music were analysed and interviews were conducted with informants, or also known as adiguru of Malay gamelan practitioners who studied directly with the last generation of Terengganu court musicians. The objective of this study is to 1) identify the techniques of keromong playing in Malay gamelan, and 2) identify the techniques of gambang playing in Malay gamelan. Findings from this study will provide an understanding of the musical instruments and what defines the style of Malay gamelan music, as well as become a guide for future researchers and practitioners in efforts to conserve and preserve the Malay traditional art.

CREATIVITY ELEMENT IN 21ST CENTURY LEARNING: THEORY AND AFFECTING FACTORS

Creativity is acknowledged as one of the most important elements of skills in 21st-century learning but to which extent that it is possible to draw researchers to study the driving factors and barriers to the implementation of such elements. Using systematic review is a process of identifying all credible evidence of a clinical problem, the main objective of this article is to provide a theoretical justification of the variables of student creativity development. This article will explain the different aspects of factors affecting the development of student creativity focusing on students with low socioeconomic background problems and at risk of dropping out. In addition, opinions from creativity theories and models were analyzed to obtain similarities and differences of views on contributing and hindering factors. The purpose is that the findings of the analysis will help various parties to find alternatives in helping the problem of creativity among the students. Based on the purpose of this study is to identify the factors of creativity of students based on theory and literature review, researchers use content analysis methods on theory, model, the study literature from 2015 to 2021. The results of the study discovered that individual factors, motivation, environment, and actualization are key variables that aid the creative process of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. In line with the theoretical framework model, we suggest that future research can complement the research gap as the basis for long-term creative development as well as methods of how to overcome controllable dominant factors. Our literature review has underlined a number of themes and insights that hopefully will be useful for future studies.

ONLINE COMIC/CARTOONS (Covid-19) AS A MEDIUM OF SATIRE CONSCIOUSNESS

This study aims to examine the meaning and style of satire delivery through comics and cartoons websites by making the theme of the Covid-19 pandemic uploaded through social media. Apart from that, the researcher will trace the history of the beginning of cartoons and comics in Malaysia starting from the pre-independence and post-independence era in brief until the era of digitization. The approach of this study and writing is to understand the appreciation of the form and meaning of the work and also the context of its production. Using art history methodology based on contextual analysis is the basis of this study. Includes aspects of description, analysis, interpretation, and consideration used as a guide in the research of the work. Apart from that, there are also themes related to cultural and social aspects which are very close to the souls of Malaysians by using Edmund Burke Feldman's method of analysis. The findings of this study indicate that advances in the use of technology do not ignore the link between the visual art of website cartoons and current issues plaguing the world.

NARRATIVE GENIUS AND THINKING IN TWO MALAY ORAL LITERATURE

In Malaysia, oral literature which is conveyed through a storyteller is the most ancient and instinctive art. Through the recording of the oral literature, which is then printed and marketed, the people today can enjoy the heritage of oral literature that narrates the structure of the society as well as various issues and conflicts of its time. In oral literature, it contains the genius of narrative and the genius thought of the nation’s storyteller, especially Pawang Ana through his masterpieces namely Hikayat Malim Dewa and Hikayat Anggun Che Tunggal. Both stories, recorded around 1886, narrate the voyage of a group of Malay warriors to Portugal to counter-attack the western colonists and gain victory. These two works of oral literature not only contain elements of ethnocentrism but are laden with postcolonial thinking, about seven decades ahead of postcolonial discourse by modern scholars that began to emerge around the 1950s.

EXPERIMENTATION COLOUR OF GLAZE USING A VARIOUS STONE IN SABAH

Ceramics are the oldest art objects ever produced by humans since prehistoric times. Ceramics are made from clay and will change character when exposed to high temperatures above 1200 degrees celsius. Ceramic product is covered with a layer of glass which is a glaze and has a high resistance to temperature or heat. This research aims to document the production of glaze color systematically using various types of stone in Sabah such as Sungai Moyog stone, Lombong Mamut stone, and stone in Sports Complex, Ranau on the surface of the specimen body produced using by kaolin. In addition, this research also aims to identify the response of experimental samples using a mixture of different percentages using the formula Triaxial Line Blend on the surface of kaolin involving aspects of the material, type of combustion, and decoration techniques. The production of glaze color using natural materials which is a Sungai Moyog stone, Lombong Mamut stone, and Sports Complex stone found around Ranau and Kota Kinabalu, Sabah is an innovation in the production of color sourced from natural materials as well as efforts to develop the ceramic industry in Malaysia. It is more to the production of natural materials that have undergone the production process to produce a new glaze color. Preliminary studies using samples from color agents which are Sungai Moyog stone, Lombong Mamut stone, and Ranau Sports Complex stone were conducted experimentally. The research includes the preparation and formulation of glaze using the material until it successfully produces color pigments according to the temperature reaction and the type of combustion that has been implemented. This research also aims to study the suitability of glaze color on the surface of ceramic products such as kaolin. In conclusion, through this research, we will better understand the processes and ways how to produce glaze color in the ceramic industry by using natural materials found in the environment. Through this research as well, it is possible to identify the minerals present in the experimental materials that influence the reaction in the production of ceramic glaze color.

THE IMPACT OF MEDIA INFODEMICS ON COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN INTENSIFYING GLOBAL PANIC AMONG MALAYSIANS: A PERCEPTION-BASED ANALYSIS

In Malaysia, the Restricted Movement Order's implementation has turned the media to become the main primary source of information for the people. As a result, numerous mendacious news about the Covid-19 outbreak began to appear on air. Such reports and claims made in response to the outbreak, which the World Health Organisation labelled as "infodemics," have been excessively proliferated on media (Thomas, 2020). Hence, the study explores the Malaysians' perceptions of the extent to which the Covid-19 outbreak infodemics produced by the local media amplify global panic in society. The study applies a qualitative research design, using a case-study analysis on perception to discover the Malaysians' awareness and views on the virus outbreak based on the media's information and how these contents elevate public reactions. Focus group interviews are conducted with 15 Malaysian citizens residing in five different states in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor, and Pulau Pinang. A set of 10 open-ended questions are probed to participants during the interviews. Data are analysed following a deductive approach and clustered according to the research questions. The following five-step framework is applied: data familiarisation, thematic analysis framework, coding, plotting, and interpretation. The validity of data is achieved through inter-rater reliability. Four themes, namely media preferences and mainly sought information, awareness of the fake news spread on media, news reliability check, and reaction-based impact in response to the infodemics were established. The majority of the participants favoured official news broadcasts for updates on the outbreak. A few of them reported consuming infodemics that were conveyed by social media platforms. Participants indicated being well-informed on the spread of fake news on media, and 53% reported difficulties in verifying the information they received due to excessive coverage by media. Finally, 60% of the participants reported a significant influence of the infodemics they consumed towards their perceptions and reactions.

METAPHORS IN PANTUNS AS SOCIAL CRITICISM IN FORMING HUMAN VALUES

Criticisms in traditional Malay works are produced in various forms, and usually, the criticisms are not conveyed in an explicit or blunt manner. Therefore, the language used to convey the criticisms is figurative language filled with similes and metaphors. These forms of criticisms can be observed in proverbs, pantuns, and other forms of poems, songs, tales of humour and of animals, folktales, sagas, and historical literature. Social criticisms through metaphorical elements in poems are able to depict the wisdom of the Malays in the times of old. This paper aims to identify the metaphorical elements found in pantuns and analyse the social criticisms and values in them based on the Relevance theory. It will see how metaphors in pantuns play the role of social critics. Data used for this study is from a book by Tenas Effendy (2004) titled Tunjuk Ajar Dalam Pantun Melayu, published in Yogyakarta by Balai Kajian dan Pengembangan Budaya Melayu. This study will apply the Relevance theory, where this theory emphasises the processing of information and is able to assist readers to understand the metaphorical elements that are scientifically represented. Thus, social criticisms that exist in traditional Malays pantuns are not only for entertainment purposes but also carry a far deeper meaning. Pantuns have metaphorical elements where they are able to create cynical and sharp criticisms.

THE SCOPE OF THE ELEMENTS OF NATURE IN MALAY MATRAS FROM THE ASPECTS OF SYMBOLS AND MEANINGS

Mantra is a stanzaic text that explains the world-view and cosmos of humans in relation to unearthly beings. In the age where the utmost importance is put on science and technology, society has not given much attention to the existence of mantras and the values in them. The merits and functions of mantras are frequently debated nowadays. If we glance at the history of the creation of mantras and their roles in the life of the Malay society, mantras are undoubtedly countless in number. They became instruments for medicine, self-defense, beauty, and other areas as well. The objective of this paper is to identify and elaborate the symbols and meanings of the elements of nature used in mantras. This research uses Peirce Theory of Semiotics for the descriptive analysis of the document. In mantras, the practitioner frequently uses elements of the symbols of nature as representations, such as mountains and oceans, depending on the form of mantra used. If mantras are used to beautify oneself or as a love charm, usually beautiful and pleasant elements will be chanted, for example, the moon, sun, stars, and others. Hence, through the use of mantras, the elements of the symbol found in them contain the value of the Malay mind that is seen to give an identity or an actual description of the life of the Malay society in the past. Mantras are seen as very important in society’s social system in the past.

THE IDENTIFY POSITIVE EMOTIONS OF THE EARLY MALAY LEADERS IN THE MALAY TRADITIONAL TEXTS

This research intends to identify the positive emotions of the early Malay leaders in the Malay traditional texts named Hikayat Raja Pasai (HRP), Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (HMM), and Hikayat Hang Tuah (HHT). The emotions of all the early Malay leaders were identifiable through the authors’ writings in each text. There are two theories to be combined and utilized in this research: Phenomenology of Feeling and Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis. The three aforementioned traditional texts were used as the main data sources in this research. A checklist based on utilized theories was administered and the data collection method used was an observation; then a checklist table was generated based on the used theories. The results show the positive emotions of the early Malay leaders as observable in the traditional texts. This research may lend valuable insights about the positive emotions of early Malay leaders in the traditional texts to future researchers. The implication of this study is as guidance to the Malay leaders at this time in dealing with emotions.